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Micro Bio Chp 13 Exam 2

front 1

In what ways do viruses differ from other pathogens?

back 1

Viruses lack cytoplasm & organelles

front 2

The outermost layer of a virion fulfills which of the following functions of the virus?

back 2

both protection & recognition

front 3

A n ______ is a virus that infects bacterial cells.

back 3

bacteriophage

front 4

Which of the following is a characteristic by which viruses are classified?

back 4

type of nucleic acid

front 5

Host specificity of a virus is due to

back 5

interactions between viral and cellular surface molecules

front 6

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the shape of a virion?

back 6

the capsid

front 7

How are fungal viruses different from viruses that infect other organisms?

back 7

they have no extracellular state.

front 8

Which of the following infectious particles do NOT have protein in their structure?

back 8

viroids

front 9

Which of the following may occur in a lysogenic infection, but not a latent one?

back 9

The inserted viral DNA may leave the host DNA

front 10

Which of the following statements regarding virus taxonomy is true?

back 10

Some virus family names are derived from the name of an important member of the family.

front 11

Which of the following statements comparing virus classification and taxonomy of organisms is true?

back 11

Genus and specific epithet are used in both classification systems.

front 12

Which of the following places stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest stages?

back 12

III, V, I, II, IV

front 13

Which of the following is associated with the attachment of a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell?

back 13

random collisions, chemical attractions, and receptor specificity

front 14

The enzyme lysozyme is critical for which of the stages of a bacteriophage T4 infection cycle?

back 14

entry and release

front 15

Which means of entry into host cells is common to both some animal viruses and bacteriophage T4?

back 15

direct penetration

front 16

Which of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle?

back 16

digestion of host DNA

front 17

Why is lysogen advantageous to a bacteriophage?

back 17

The genetic material of the bacteriophage is amplified many times over that seen in a lytic phage.

front 18

Which of the following agents is capable of inducing conversion of a prophage to the lytic cycle?

back 18

both UV light and X-rays

front 19

Zones of clearing in cell cultures that are the result of virus infection are called plaques. Sometimes "cloudy plaques" are seen on bacteria cultures infected with bacteriophage. What type of viral infection might cause this appearance?

back 19

lysogenic

front 20

Which of the following is matched Incorrectly?

back 20

adenovirus; membrane fusion

front 21

Reverse transcriptase is associated with which of the following?

back 21

retroviruses

front 22

The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA?

back 22

+ssRNA viruses

front 23

Which of the following types of animal virus requires RNA-dependent RNA transcriptase to be replicated?

back 23

-ssRNA viruses

front 24

In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. this fact implies that the viral genome may encode

back 24

a DNA polymerase

front 25

Which of the following membranes can give rise to a viral envelope?

back 25

the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum

front 26

A cell is infected with a virus carrying an oncogene sequence in its genome. What process may occur if the oncogenes expressed in the infected cell?

back 26

neoplasia

front 27

How is the HIV provirus different from a lambda-phage prophage?

back 27

The HIV provirus is integrated permanently into the host cell's DNA

front 28

Which of the following laboratory procedures is used for culturing animal viruses in the laboratory?

back 28

both cell cultures and embryonated eggs

front 29

One mechanism by which viruses may cause cancer is to interrupt the genetic regulatory sequences of repressor proteins. which of the following types of viruses is most likely to be involved in causing cancer by this mechanism?

back 29

retroviruses

front 30

Tumors invade other organs and tissues in a process called

back 30

metastasis

front 31

Plaque assays are used for

back 31

determine the density of phage in a culture.

front 32

Diploid cell cultures and continuous cell cultures differ in which of the following ways?

back 32

both longevity and source of cells

front 33

Viroids infect

back 33

plants

front 34

How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?

back 34

they lack nucleic acid

front 35

The viruses of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. they are therefore similar to

back 35

prions

front 36

A lipid membrane is present in which of the following?

back 36

enveloped viruses

front 37

Some human viruses are difficult to study because

back 37

they only grow in normal human cells.

front 38

Double stranded RNA genomes can be found

back 38

only in viruses

front 39

Which of the following is a feature shared by viruses and living organisms?

back 39

possession of a genome that directs synthesis of materials necessary for replication

front 40

Small circular RNA molecules without capsids are characteristic of

back 40

viroids

front 41

Viruses are shed slowly and steadily during

back 41

lysogenic infection

front 42

During _____ viruses remain dormant in animal cells.

back 42

latency

front 43

Virus replication results in the death of the cell in ______ infections.

back 43

a lytic

front 44

A ______ is a mass of neoplastic cells.

back 44

tumor

front 45

The process known as ______ is a mechanism of release for enveloped viruses.

back 45

budding

front 46

The combination of a virus's protein coat and nucleic acid core is called the (capsid/ virion/ nucleocapsid).

back 46

nucleocapsid

front 47

Viral capsids are composed of subunits called (nucleocapsids/ capsomeres).

back 47

capsomeres

front 48

Virus infection is initiated by the specific (fit/affinity/interaction) between proteins on the surface of a virion the surface of the target cell.

back 48

affinity

front 49

Some viruses can be cultured on (continuous/diploid/animal) cells which are descended from neoplastic cells.

back 49

continuous

front 50

The virions shown in the figure have a (polyhedral/ helical/ complex) capsid.

back 50

complex

front 51

Another term for a lysogenic phage is a (temperate/ latent/ prophage) phage.

back 51

temperate

front 52

The process in which viral capsids are removed within the infected cell is called (entry/ disassembly/ uncoating).

back 52

uncoating

front 53

Uncontrolled cell division in animals is known as (metastasis/ neoplasia/ cancer).

back 53

neoplasia

front 54

RNA viruses such as HIV require the activity of reverse (transcriptase/ polymerase) to become proviruses.

back 54

transcriptase

front 55

In enveloped viruses, virus-encoded (matrix/ capsomers/ envelope) proteins are required for the assembly of the envelope around the capsid.

back 55

matrix

front 56

Genes that play a role in proper cell division but may also play a role in some types of cancer are called (oncogenes/ protooncogenes/ promoters)

back 56

protooncogenes

front 57

A (colony/ plaque) is a clear zone on a bacterial lawn where cells have been killed by the activity of a bacteriophage.

back 57

plaque

front 58

Three (orders/ families/ classes) represent the highest level of taxonomic rank uses in classifying viruses.

back 58

orders

front 59

Prions are composed of a single protein called (plaque/BSE/ PrP).

back 59

PrP

front 60

An animal virus that does not have an envelope is described as a (naked/ unenveloped/ capsid) virion.

back 60

naked