In mark-recapture, if number of individuals marked in first catch = 10, number of marked recaptures in second catch = 4, and total number of second catch = 8, what is the total population size?
A. 22
B. 24
C. 42
D. 20
E. 40

D. 20

A good sampling method for quantifying the density of birds or bats is the use of
A. line transects.
B. quadrats.
C. pitfall traps.
D. baited live traps.
E. mist nets.

E. mist nets.

Dispersion is
A. the ability to move.
B. the rate of movement.
C. the spatial distribution of reproduction.
D. the spatial distribution of individuals.
E. the timing of reproduction

D. the spatial distribution of individuals.

Many species of birds form large flocks. What dispersion pattern describes this behavior?
A. random
B. uniform
C. rapid
D. social
E. clumped

E. clumped

Why is a random dispersal pattern the rarest in nature?
A. Only aquatic resources are randomly dispersed.
B. Resources in nature are rarely randomly spaced.
C. Most animals have social behavior such as forming flocks.
D. Resources such as most, fertile soil are common and abundant.
E. None of these choices are correct.

B. Resources in nature are rarely randomly spaced.

Lions, leopards and other large terrestrial predators maintain well-defined territories. What kind of dispersion pattern would this produce?
A. clumped
B. clustered
C. uniform
D. random
E. logistic

C. uniform

Organisms that produce all of their offspring in a single event are
A. always successful.
B. never successful.
C. autogenous.
D. semelparous.
E. iteroparous

D. semelparous.

Organisms that reproduce repeatedly are said to be
A. semelparous.
B. cohorts.
C. iteroparous.
D. demographic.
E. survivors.

C. iteroparous.

Which of these organisms is NOT iteroparous?
A. humans
B. oak trees
C. bears
D. dogs
E. agave plants

E. agave plants

A fisheries biologist tells you she is studying a cohort of salmon returning to their birth river. What does this tell you about these salmon?
A. These salmon are iteroparous.
B. Most of these salmon are one or two years old.
C. All of these salmon are the same age.
D. This group of salmon show a uniform distribution.
E. The salmon are still too young for reproduction.

C. All of these salmon are the same age.

A life table
A. provides data on the number of individuals alive in a particular age class.
B. more often than not excludes males.
C. typically includes age classes each representing one year.
D. allows predictions to be made on how a population will grow.
E. All of the answers are correct.

E. All of the answers are correct.

In a growing population, the youngest age classes have
A. the highest number of deaths/year.
B. the fewest individuals.
C. the most individuals.
D. the smallest number of deaths/year.
E. the most individuals and the largest number of deaths/year.

C. the most individuals.

A survivorship curve with uniform death rates over time is most likely to be a type _______ curve.
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. V

B. II

A survivorship curve in which most individuals die late in life is a type _______ curve.
A. IV
B. III
C. II
D. I
E. 0I

B. III

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of K-selected plant species?
A. small size
B. slow growth
C. long life span
D. few large seeds
E. poor seed dispersal

A. small size

_____ selected species have a low rate of per capita growth.
A. r-
B. p-
C. K-
D. n-1
E. n-

C. K-

Parasitism is often a ____________ factor affecting populations.
A. density-independent
B. density-dependent
C. inverse density-dependent
D. cyclic
E. random

B. density-dependent

What information is used to calculate the age-specific fertility rate, m_x?
A. net reproductive rate
B. total number of offspring born to females of reproductive age
C. per capita growth rate
D. proportion of female offspring born to females of reproductive age
E. age at first reproduction

D. proportion of female offspring born to females of reproductive age

Growth slows down when populations reach carrying capacity because of
A. competition and resource limitation.
B. uniform dispersion patterns.
C. zero population growth.
D. per capita growth rate.
E. resource limitation and lognormality.

A. competition and resource limitation.

A plot of population size vs time that displays a J-shape is indicative of
A. parasitism.
B. exponential growth.
C. logistic growth.
D. K-selection.
E. r-selection.

B. exponential growth.

The intrinsic rate of increase is
A. the rate of population growth under optimal conditions.
B. rarely seen.
C. independent of predation and competition.
D. the unchanging rate of population growth until the carrying capacity is reached.
E. the rate of population growth under optimal conditions and rarely seen.

E. the rate of population growth under optimal conditions and rarely seen.

The per capita growth rate of a population can be defined as
A. N.
B. unchanging for a species.
C. birth minus death.
D. exponential growth.
E. logistic growth.

C. birth minus death.

In the formula, dN/dt = rN(K-N)/K, the rate of population growth approaches zero as
A. carrying capacity approaches zero.
B. the age-specific fertility rate approaches zero.
C. the per capita growth rate declines.
D. the population size approaches the carrying capacity.
E. carrying capacity declines with increasing population size.

D. the population size approaches the carrying capacity.

In general, the growth pattern of human population through history shows a/an _____ pattern.
A. logistic
B. exponential
C. logistic and exponential
D. sigmoidal
E. declining

A. logistic

World human population in 2009 is approximately
A. 670 million.
B. 1.8 bilion.
C. 4.6 billion.
D. 6.7 billion.
E. 10 billion.

D. 6.7 billion.

If the age structure of a country's population is balanced, what prediction can be made about the near future?
A. The birth rate will decline.
B. The death rate will decline.
C. The population will not increase rapidly.
D. The population will increase rapidly.
E. The demographic transition will begin.

C. The population will not increase rapidly.

What percentage of the population are children 4 year old and younger in West Africa?
A. 8.5
B. 12
C. 17
D. 23
E. 50

C. 17

What percentage of the population are children 4 years old or younger in Western Europe?
A. 2.5
B. 5
C. 10
D. 17
E. 22

B. 5

What average global total fertility rate is needed for zero population growth?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 2.3
D. 2.59
E. None of the choices are correct

C. 2.3

After the demographic transition, birth rates
A. death rates exceed birth rates.
B. equal 2 ´ death rates.
C. outpace death rates.
D. equal death rates.
E. None of these choices are correct.

D. equal death rates.

In a survey of Dall mountain sheep in Denali National Park in Alaska, researchers found that wolves preyed primarily on the most vulnerable members of the population, the young and the old. What conclusion is best supported by this data?
A. A limited program should be established to cull the sheep population.
B. Wolf predation would not be expected to dramatically reduce the sheep population.
C. The wolf population is at its carrying capacity, so it is no threat to the sheep population.
D. A limited program should be established to cull the wolf population.
E. Dall mountain sheep in Denali are an r-selected population.

B. Wolf predation would not be expected to dramatically reduce the sheep population.

The United Nations projects a stabilizing world population at
A. two billion.
B. seven billion.
C. ten billion.
D. fourteen billion.
E. None of these choices are correct

C. ten billion.

. If 100 females produce 50 offspring, the age specific fertility rate is
A. 0.75.
B. 0.5.
C. 2.
D. 50.
E. impossible to calculate with this information.

E. impossible to calculate with this information.

The ecological footprint of an average Egyptian is greater than that of an average American.

False

Random dispersion is rare compared to clumped dispersion.

True

Humans are iteroparous.

True

Demography is the study of how births and deaths change population sizes over time.

True

Modern humans show a type I survivorship curve.

True

If resources are increased, carrying capacity increases.

True

K-selected populations reproduce quickly.

False

Exponential growth is rare because resources are usually limiting.

True

Slow-growing oak trees are r-selected compared to dandelions.

False

r-selected species tend to have type III survivorship curves.

True

Drought and floods are considered to be density-dependent factors potentially affecting population size.

False

<p>In a demographic transition, death rates decline before birth rates.</p> <!--EndFragment-->

True

Worldwide human population growth has been exponential since the Industrial Revolution.

True