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Viewing:

RadReview Head (56)

front 1

Which of the following structures is illustrated by the number 2 in Figure 2–21?

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A Maxillary sinus

B Coronoid process

C Zygomatic arch

D Coracoid process

back 1

Zygomatic arch

front 2

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses?

  1. CR and OML form a 15 degree angle with the horizontal beam.
  2. The petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits.
  3. The frontal sinuses are visualized.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 2

D 1, 2, and 3

front 3

The structures forming the brain stem include

  1. the pons
  2. the medulla oblongata
  3. the midbrain

A 1 and 2 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 3

D 1, 2, and 3

front 4

The hard palate is formed by the

1. ethmoid bone.

2. maxillary bone.

3. palatine bone.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 4

C 2 and 3 only

front 5

Which of the following would best evaluate the structure labeled 4 in Figure 2–14?

A PA axial projection (Caldwell method)

B Parietoacanthal projection (Waters method)

C Lateral projection

D Submentovertical projection

back 5

Parietoacanthal projection (Waters method)

front 6

When modifying the PA axial projection of the skull to demonstrate superior orbital fissures, the central ray is directed

A 20° to 25° caudad.

B 20° to 25° cephalad.

C 30° to 35° caudad.

D 30° to 35° cephalad.

back 6

A 20° to 25° caudad.

front 7

In the AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull, with the CR directed 30 degrees caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML) and passing midway between the external auditory meati, which of the following is best demonstrated?

A Occipital bone

B Frontal bone

C Facial bones

D Basal foramina

back 7

A Occipital bone

front 8

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the PA axial projection of the cranium? 1. The central ray is directed caudally to the OML. 2. The petrous pyramids are projected into the lower third of the orbits. 3. The frontal sinuses are visualized.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 8

D 1, 2, and 3

front 9

Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA axial projection of the paranasal sinuses?

  1. The OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal.
  2. The petrous pyramids completely fill the orbits.
  3. The frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 9

C 1 and 3 only

front 10

An increase in exposure factors usually is required in which of the following circumstances?

  1. Edema
  2. Ascites
  3. Acromegaly

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 10

D 1, 2, and 3

front 11

What angle is formed by the median sagittal plane and the IR in the parieto-orbital projection (Rhese method) of the optic canal?

A 90°

B 37°

C 53°

D 45°

back 11

53°

front 12

What is the degree of difference between the baselines numbered 2 and 3 in Figure 2–38 and used for various projections of the skull?

A 7 degrees

B 8 degrees

C 15 degrees

D 23 degrees

back 12

A 7 degrees

front 13

The junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures is the

A diploe

B lambda

C bregma

D pterion

back 13

C bregma

front 14

In Figure A, which of the localization lines is used for the lateral projection of the skull?

Figure A. Reproduced with permission from Saia DA. Radiography: Program Review and Examination Preparation, 2nd ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.

A Line 1

B Line 2

C Line 3

D Line 4

back 14

C Line 3

front 15

Which of the following positions is essential in radiography of the paranasal sinuses?

A Erect

B Recumbent

C Oblique

D Trendelenburg

back 15

A Erect

front 16

The structure labeled 3 in Figure 2–14 is the

A maxillary sinus

B sphenoidal sinus

C ethmoidal sinus

D frontal sinus

back 16

B sphenoidal sinus

front 17

At what level do the carotid arteries bifurcate?

A Foramen magnum

B Trachea

C Pharynx

D C4

back 17

D C4

front 18

Standard radiographic protocols may be reduced to include two views, at right angles to each other, in which of the following situations?

A Barium examinations

B Spine radiography

C Skull radiography

D Emergency and trauma radiography

back 18

D Emergency and trauma radiography

front 19

Structures involved in blowout fractures include the

  1. orbital floor
  2. inferior rectus muscle
  3. zygoma

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 19

B 1 and 2 only

front 20

A signed consent form is necessary prior to performing all the following procedures except

A myelogram.

B cardiac catheterization.

C upper GI series.

D interventional vascular procedure.

back 20

C upper GI series.

front 21

What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 1 in the radiograph shown in Figure 6–20?

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A Mandibular angle

B Coronoid process

C Zygomatic arch

D Maxillary sinus

back 21

A Mandibular angle

front 22

To demonstrate the mandibular body in the PA position, the

A CR is directed perpendicular to the IR.

B CR is directed cephalad to the IR.

C skull is obliqued away from the affected side.

D skull is obliqued toward the affected side.

back 22

A CR is directed perpendicular to the IR.

front 23

Which of the following positions/projections of the skull will result in the most shape distortion?

A 0° PA

B 23° Caldwell

C 37° Towne

D 25° Haas

back 23

C 37° Towne

front 24

Which of the following structures should be visualized through the foramen magnum in an AP axial projection (Towne method) of the skull for occipital bone?

  1. Posterior clinoid processes
  2. Dorsum sella
  3. Posterior arch of C1

A 1 only

B 2 only

C 1 and 2 only

D 2 and 3 only

back 24

C 1 and 2 only

front 25

Which of the following is (are) required for a lateral projection of the skull?

  1. The IOML is parallel to the IR.
  2. The MSP is parallel to the IR.
  3. The CR enters ¾ inch superior and anterior to the EAM.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 25

B 1 and 2 only

front 26

The submentovertical (SMV) oblique axial projection of the zygomatic arches requires that the skull be rotated

A 15 degrees toward the affected side.

B 15 degrees away from the affected side.

C 45 degrees toward the affected side.

D 45 degrees away from the affected side.

back 26

A 15 degrees toward the affected side.

front 27

If a patient's zygomatic arch has been traumatically depressed or the patient has flat cheekbones, the arch may be demonstrated by modifying the SMV projection and rotating the patient's head

A 15 degrees toward the side being examined

B 15 degrees away from the side being examined

C 30 degrees toward the side being examined

D 30 degrees away from the side being examined

back 27

A 15 degrees toward the side being examined

front 28

Which of the following skull positions will demonstrate the cranial base, sphenoidal sinuses, atlas, and odontoid process?

A AP axial

B Lateral

C Parietoacanthial

D Submentovertical (SMV)

back 28

D Submentovertical (SMV)

front 29

What is the anatomic structure indicated by number 3 in the radiograph in Figure 6–20?

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A Mandibular angle

B Coronoid process

C Zygomatic arch

D Maxillary sinus

back 29

B Coronoid process

front 30

With the patient's head in a PA position and the CR directed 20 degrees cephalad, which part of the mandible will be best visualized?

A Symphysis

B Rami

C Body

D Angle

back 30

B Rami

front 31

Which of the following positions demonstrates all the paranasal sinuses?

A Parietoacanthial

B PA axial

C Lateral

D True PA

back 31

C Lateral

front 32

Referring to Figure 2–38, which of the following positions requires that baseline number 3 be parallel to the IR?

A Parietoacanthial

B PA axial (Caldwell)

C AP axial (Towne)

D SMV

back 32

D SMV

front 33

Which of the following statements is (are) correct regarding the parietoacanthial projection (Waters' method) of the skull? 1. The head is rested on the extended chin. 2. The orbitomeatal line (OML) is perpendicular to the (IR). 3. The maxillary antra should be projected above the petrosa.

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 33

C 1 and 3 only

front 34

With the patient in the PA position and the OML and CR perpendicular to the IR, the resulting radiograph will demonstrate the petrous pyramids

A below the orbits

B in the lower third of the orbits

C completely within the orbits

D above the orbits

back 34

C completely within the orbits

front 35

The floor of the cranium includes all the following bones except

A the temporal bones

B the occipital bone

C the ethmoid bone

D the sphenoid bone

back 35

B the occipital bone

front 36

All the following statements regarding an exact PA projection of the skull are true except

A the orbitomeatal line is perpendicular to the IR.

B the petrous pyramids fill the orbits.

C the midsagittal plane (MSP) is parallel to the IR.

D the central ray is perpendicular to the IR and exits at the nasion.

back 36

C the midsagittal plane (MSP) is parallel to the IR.

front 37

The auditory, or eustachian, tube extends from the nasopharynx to the

A external ear.

B middle ear.

C inner ear.

D oropharynx.

back 37

B middle ear.

front 38

In a lateral projection of the nasal bones, the CR is directed

A 1/2 inch posterior to the anterior nasal spine

B ¾ inch posterior to the glabella

C ¾ inch distal to the nasion

D 1/2 inch anterior to the EAM

back 38

C ¾ inch distal to the nasion

front 39

When evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle, the radiographer should see

  1. petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits
  2. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally
  3. symmetrical petrous pyramids

A 1 and 2 only

B 1 and 3 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 39

D 1, 2, and 3

front 40

Which of the four baselines illustrated in Figure 6–15 should be used for a lateral projection of facial bones?

A Baseline 1

B Baseline 2

C Baseline 3

D Baseline 4

back 40

C Baseline 3

front 41

The true lateral position of the skull uses which of the following principles?

  1. Interpupillary line perpendicular to the IR
  2. MSP perpendicular to the IR
  3. Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) parallel to the transverse axis of the IR

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 41

C 1 and 3 only

front 42

Which of the following methods was used to obtain the image seen in Figure 2–6?

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A erect PA, chin extended, OML forming 37 degrees to IR

B erect PA, OML, and CR perpendicular to IR

C erect PA, chin extended, OML 15 degree from horizontal

D erect PA, chin extended, OML 30 degree from horizontal

back 42

C erect PA, chin extended, OML 15 degree from horizontal

front 43

Glossitis refers to inflammation of the

A epiglottis

B salivary glands

C tongue

D ossicles

back 43

C tongue

front 44

What should be done to better demonstrate the mandibular rami seen in PA projection in Figure A?

Figure A. Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A use a perpendicular CR

B angle the CR cephalad

C angle the CR caudad

D oblique the head 15° medial

back 44

B angle the CR cephalad

front 45

Which of the following positions is/are most frequently used to demonstrate the sphenoid sinuses?

  1. Modified Waters (mouth open)
  2. Lateral
  3. PA axial

A 1 only

B 1 and 2 only

C 2 and 3 only

D 1, 2, and 3

back 45

B 1 and 2 only

front 46

The radiographic position illustrated in Figure 6–18 is used to demonstrate

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A ethmoidal and frontal sinuses.

B maxillary sinuses.

C sphenoidal sinuses through the open mouth.

D mastoid sinuses.

back 46

A ethmoidal and frontal sinuses.

front 47

With a patient in the PA position and the OML perpendicular to the table, a 15- to 20-degree caudal angulation would place the petrous ridges in the lower third of the orbit. To achieve the same result in a baby or a small child, it is necessary for the radiographer to modify the angulation to

A 10 to 15 degrees caudal

B 25 to 30 degrees caudal

C 15 to 20 degrees cephalic

D 3 to 5 degrees caudal

back 47

A 10 to 15 degrees caudal

front 48

Which of the following sinus groups is demonstrated with the patient positioned as for a parietoacanthal projection (Waters method) with the CR directed through the patient's open mouth?

A Frontal

B Ethmoidal

C Maxillary

D Sphenoidal

back 48

D Sphenoidal

front 49

What is the anatomic structure indicated by the number 3 in the radiograph in Figure 6–12?

Courtesy of Stamford Hospital, Department of Radiology.

A Spinous process

B Transverse process

C Pedicle

D Intervertebral foramen

back 49

B Transverse process

front 50

If your patient is unable to stay erect for a paranasal sinus examination, which of the following alternatives should be chosen?

A Recumbent AP

B Lateral recumbent

C Lateral cross-table recumbent

D Recumbent Waters'

back 50

C Lateral cross-table recumbent