front 1 Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state? Question options: No metabolism occurs. Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones. Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. Only glucose metabolism occurs. | back 1 Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. |
front 2 Heat-loss mechanisms do not include ________. Question options: reducing activity vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels the evaporation of sweat behavior measures such as wearing light, loose clothing | back 2 vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels |
front 3 Which of the following is not a function of LDLs? Question options: influence cholesterol synthesis in tissue cells regulate cholesterol synthesis in tissue cells transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver make cholesterol available to tissue cells for membrane or hormone synthesis | back 3 transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver |
front 4 Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical factor? Question options: the way skeletal muscles break down glycogen the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body an individual's body weight the way an individual metabolizes fat | back 4 the ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body |
front 5 Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? Question options: A negative nitrogen balance is normal and is a way of maintaining homeostasis. It is a condition usually caused by having a diet low in fish and meat. It occurs when amino acids are broken down by liver enzymes and carried to the bloodstream. Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. | back 5 Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. |
front 6 Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. Question options: glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors glycogen is broken down to release glucose glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water glycogen is formed | back 6 glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors |
front 7 Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________. Question options: converted to urea transferred to a keto acid transferred to acetyl CoA converted to ammonia | back 7 transferred to a keto acid |
front 8 Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. Question options: liver blood muscles kidneys | back 8 liver |
front 9 Lipogenesis occurs when ________. Question options: excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane there is a shortage of fatty acids glucose levels drop slightly cellular ATP and glucose levels are high | back 9 cellular ATP and glucose levels are high |
front 10 Glucose can be obtained from ________. Question options: glycogenolysis lipogenesis protein anabolism triglyceride anabolism | back 10 glycogenolysis |
front 11 Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. Question options: postabsorptive state period when the metabolic rate is lowest starvation period absorptive state | back 11 absorptive state |
front 12 When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. Question options: glycogen lactic acid fatty acids amino acids | back 12 fatty acids |
front 13 The term metabolism is best defined as ________. Question options: the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day | back 13 biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy |
front 14 Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heat-promoting center? Question options: increase in ADH production sympathetic sweat gland activation vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels release of epinephrine | back 14 release of epinephrine |
front 15 Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. Question options: builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies elevates glucagon levels breaks down complex structures to simpler ones | back 15 breaks down complex structures to simpler ones |
front 16 In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state. Question options: pyruvic acid glyceraldehyde ammonia oxaloacetic acid | back 16 oxaloacetic acid |
front 17 What is the outcome of ketosis? Question options: metabolic alkalosis glucogenesis water retention and edema metabolic acidosis glycogen buildup | back 17 metabolic acidosis |
front 18 Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? Question options: vitamins and minerals fats proteins foods and beverages high in caffeine | back 18 fats |
front 19 Which of the following is the most important function of the liver? Question options: carbohydrate and lipid metabolism processing of drugs and hormones and activation of vitamin D protein metabolism synthesis of bile salts | back 19 protein metabolism |
front 20 Which of the choices below is not a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body? conversion to a nucleic acid lipogenesis glycogenesis amino acid synthesis ATP production | back 20 conversion to a nucleic acid |
front 21 Which of the following is not true of beta oxidation? Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments. Every second carbon is reduced. It involves the anabolism of fats. It occurs in the mitochondrion. | back 21 It involves the anabolism of fats. |
front 22 Which of the choices below is not a major route of heat exchange? evaporation radiation conduction/convection shivering | back 22 shivering |
front 23 Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? Question options: oxidation reactions substrate-level phosphorylation oxidation-reduction reactions oxidative phosphorylation | back 23 oxidative phosphorylation |
front 24 It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________. Question options: all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients very few foods contain vitamins vitamins provide protection against the common cold | back 24 most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients |
front 25 Oxidation reduction reactions ________. Question options: occur via the gain of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are rarely coupled together utilize hydrogenases | back 25 may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons |
front 26 Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? Question options: electron transport formation of malic acid from fumaric acid Krebs cycle glycolysis | back 26 glycolysis |
front 27 Select the correct statement about proteins. Question options: Catabolic steroids (hormones) accelerate the rate of protein synthesis. Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids. Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested. Proteins can be synthesized in the body if most of the amino acids are present. | back 27 Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested. |
front 28 Which of the following molecules are considered key molecules at metabolic crossroads? Question options: glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, ATP ATP, pyruvic acid, lactic acid glucose-6-phosphate, lactic acid, acetyl CoA | back 28 glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA |
front 29 When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly________. Question options: acetyl CoA ketone bodies urea ammonia | back 29 urea |
front 30 When a person's hypothalamic thermostat is set to a higher level and the actual body temperature is below that level, the person may ________. Question options: shiver exhibit vasodilation of skin vessels pant perspire heavily | back 30 shiver |
front 31 The primary reason elderly people should decrease their caloric intake is that ________. Question options: muscle mass and metabolism decline with age they spend most of the day at rest, and their food will quickly turn to fat they have a higher metabolic rate and do not need large amounts of food their appetite begins to diminish | back 31 muscle mass and metabolism decline with age |
front 32 Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________. Question options: conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water formation of sugar conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid | back 32 conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
front 33 Cholesterol, though it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it ________. Question options: enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs | back 33 is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones |
front 34 The term metabolic rate reflects the ________. Question options: loss of energy to perspiration loss of organic molecules in urine energy needed to make all organic molecules energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities | back 34 energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities |
front 35 The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. Question options: cholesterol fatty acids triglycerides phospholipids | back 35 triglycerides |
front 36 Dietary fats are important because they ________. Question options: help prevent the common cold help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins contribute significantly to the health of the skin keep blood pressure normal | back 36 help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins |
front 37 Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state? Question options: thyroid hormone growth hormone insulin epinephrine | back 37 insulin |
front 38 Loss of heat in the form of infrared waves is termed ________. Question options: evaporation conduction radiation convection | back 38 radiation |
front 39 Which of the following statements is a false or incorrect statement? Question options: The amino acid pool is the body’s total supply of amino acids in the body’s proteins. Amino acids can be used to supply energy only after being converted to a carbohydrate intermediate. Fats and carbohydrates are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy. Excess carbohydrate and fat can be stored as such, whereas excess amino acids are oxidized for energy or converted to fat or glycogen for storage. | back 39 The amino acid pool is the body’s total supply of amino acids in the body’s proteins. |
front 40 Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. Question options: structural proteins are used as a potential energy source ketone bodies are formed carbohydrate utilization increases larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones | back 40 larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones |
front 41 Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include ________. Question options: adequate fat calories to provide adequate ATP formation ammonia combining with oxygen to form urea adequate essential amino acids excessive amounts of protein in the diet | back 41 excessive amounts of protein in the diet |
front 42 As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. Question options: liver brain spleen pancreas | back 42 brain |
front 43 The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. Question options: provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals determine the amount of heat needed by the human body break down food molecules and generate ATP efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body | back 43 break down food molecules and generate ATP |
front 44 The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR. Question options: thyroxine norepinephrine prolactin ADH | back 44 thyroxine |
front 45 What process primes a molecule to change in a way that increases its activity, produces motion, or does work? Question options: cellular respiration glycolysis phosphorylation beta oxidation | back 45 phosphorylation |
front 46 In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________. Question options: production of energy formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes production of some hormones production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies | back 46 production of energy |
front 47 Which of the choices below is not a source of glucose during the postabsorptive state? Question options: catabolism of cellular protein absorption of glucose from the GI tract glycogenolysis in the liver lipolysis in adipose tissues and the liver | back 47 absorption of glucose from the GI tract |
front 48 Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? Question options: synthetases and lipases kinases and phosphorylases phosphatases and kinases dehydrogenases and oxidases | back 48 dehydrogenases and oxidases |
front 49 Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? Question options: derived from meat and fish only meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth derived only from legumes and other plant material | back 49 must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth |
front 50 In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. Question options: glucagon glyceraldehyde glycerol glycogen | back 50 glycerol |
front 51 Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? Question options: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation | back 51 glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation |
front 52 The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as ________. Question options: lipolysis gluconeogenesis lipogenesis fat utilization | back 52 lipolysis |
front 53 Which of the following is correct? Question options: Oxidation of FADH2 eventually yields four ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway. Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Most ATP from cellular respiration are produced directly in the Krebs cycle. | back 53 Oxidation of FADH2 eventually yields four ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. |
front 54 Prostaglandins play a role in ________. Question options: control of blood pressure skeletal muscle contraction noninflammatory responses control of blood volume | back 54 control of blood pressure |
front 55 Which of the following food groups are considered good sources of complete proteins? Question options: lima beans, kidney beans, nuts, and cereals corn, cottonseed oil, soy oil, and wheat germ eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish egg yolk, fish roe, and grains | back 55 eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish |