front 1 Primary role of the surgical technologist | back 1 assist surgeon, establish the sterile field, handle and care for surgical instrumentation, assist with technical tasks |
front 2 Physical need of the patient | back 2 any need or activity related to genetics, physiology, or anatomy |
front 3 Psychological need of the patient | back 3 any need or activity related to the identification and understanding of oneself. |
front 4 social need of the patient | back 4 Any need or activity related to one's identification or interaction with another individual or group. |
front 5 spiritual need of the patient | back 5 any need or activity related to the identification and understanding of one's place in an organized universe. |
front 6 Maslow's hierarchy of needs | back 6 establishes a means of prioritizing needs effective for basic understanding of individuals and for quick recognition of patient concerns - A model that expresses human development using developmental stages |
front 7 how we should treat patients | back 7 we do not call patients by their surgery - they are human beings. implementation of moral and ethical obligations is required. Sensitive to feelings, |
front 8 factors that result in surgery | back 8 genetic malformation, trauma, nonmalignant neoplasm, disease, a condition, psychological state |
front 9 factors that apply to a patient's reaction to health, illness, and hospitalization | back 9 adaptation and stress |
front 10 Sister Callista Roy - Roy Adaptation Model | back 10 A viewpoint of the patient as a biopsychosocial individual that is constantly interacting with the environment with the ability to adapt by using coping skills in dealing with internal and external stressors. |
front 11 adaptive process | back 11 involves both physiological and psychological changes that indicate the person's attempt to adapt to the illness or trauma. |
front 12 Adaptation | back 12 occurs in a rapid or slow fashion based on the nature and type of illness or trauma |
front 13 stress | back 13 nonspecific response of the body to a demand - Dr. Hans Selye either physical, chemical, or emotional |
front 14 Distress | back 14 most common - type that has negative implications usually physiological and psychosocial. |
front 15 Eustress | back 15 "good" "well" - positive desirable - marriage, new baby, etc.. |
front 16 types of stressors for Surg. Tech to be aware of | back 16 type of illness, trauma, or disease, previous experience with surgery, age of patient(child/adult), environmental differences (not home), family role (breadwinner), economic factors(cost of surgery), religious beliefs |
front 17 types of coping mechanisms | back 17 denial-not accepting truth rationalization regression-exhibits behavior of earlier stages in life repression- holds back feelings by not discussing |
front 18 cardiac death | back 18 irreversible loss of cardiac and respiratory function. Permanent absence of heartbeat. |
front 19 higher-brain death | back 19 lower brain stem continues to provide respiration, blood pressure, and a heartbeat without the assistance of a respirator |
front 20 whole-brain death | back 20 irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain. This is the current law as to what defines death in most jurisdiction of the world and reflects the standard set by the Harvard School of Medicine. A flat EEG, unresponsive, lack of pupil reflexes, low body temp. |
front 21 Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | back 21 Five Stages of Grief |
front 22 Denial | back 22 initial stage of grief, a temporary defense to cope "cannot believe it's happening to them" |
front 23 anger | back 23 when first stage of grief can't be continued, this stage is replaced with rage, envy, resentment. "Why me?" |
front 24 bargaining | back 24 after going through the second stage of grief, patient wants to postpone the inevitable. -unable to face reality |
front 25 depression | back 25 all stages prior to this stage turn to a sense of great loss as the illness progresses "Please don't take me away from my family" |
front 26 acceptance | back 26 after all four stages of grief have been passed, the patient reaches a sense of resolution. "I know I will be in a better place" |
front 27 accidental | back 27 category of death that is caused by nature or humans. May engender wrongful death suits. |
front 28 terminal | back 28 category of death that is progressive and incurable. palliative treatment is often prescribed. |
front 29 prolonged (chronic) | back 29 category of death that is long-lasting and needs to be managed on a long-term basis, managed by lifelong medical treatment |
front 30 sudden | back 30 category of death that occurs without warning. |
front 31 palliative procedures | back 31 intended to provide the patient with symptom relief, the avoidance of symptoms, or relief from conditions secondary to the progressive local disease |
front 32 therapeutic procedures | back 32 used to treat or manage a disease. These include elective and nonelective surgeries. elective=stent, pacemaker nonelective=live organ donor transplant |
front 33 life support | back 33 a set of therapies that preserve a patient's life when body systems are not functioning sufficiently to sustain life. |
front 34 "ordinary" life-support therapies | back 34 used to illustrate care given to prolong life that the physician is morally obligated to provide |
front 35 "extraordinary" life-support therapies | back 35 include those therapies that may pose an undue burden on the patient and may be costly or futile. Not only futile, but the burdens will be disproportionate to the benefits |
front 36 euthanasia | back 36 "good death" "easy death" "painless inducement of quick death" |
front 37 passive euthanasia | back 37 when the physician does nothing to preserve life |
front 38 active euthanasia | back 38 requires actions that speed the process of dying. (administration of morphine) This euthanasia is divided into voluntary and involuntary euthanasia |
front 39 voluntary euthanasia | back 39 patient initiates facilitation of his own death |
front 40 involuntary euthanasia | back 40 patient's autonomous rights are violated |
front 41 Patient Self-Determiniation Act 1990 | back 41 requires medical facilities to inform patients of their right to choose the type and extent of their medical care and to provide patients with information concerning living wills and powers of attorney. |
front 42 advance directives | back 42 one of two legal documents used to speak for patients in the event that they cannot make decisions for themselves |
front 43 living will | back 43 an advance directive that allows patients to state in writing exactly what medical interventions they are willing to endure to sustain life. |
front 44 power of attorney | back 44 legal way to appoint a health care proxy who will make medical decisions for the patient in the event that he or she cannot do so. |
front 45 DNR/DNI | back 45 do no resuscitate/do not intubate - many hospitals rescind the DNR/DNI during surgery |
front 46 patient death in the operating room | back 46 *notify surgery dept. and implementation of postmortem patient care *family is notified by surgeon *patient's religious leader is notified if not done so by family *procedures for death that involves law enforcement will be carefully followed and evidence preserved, autopsy *preparation of the body for family to view *postmortem care of the body for transportation |
front 47 Title XI fo the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 | back 47 hospitals are required to establish organ procurement protocols or lose Medicare and Medicaid funding |
front 48 Donation After Cardiac Death (DCD) | back 48 the decision to discontinue mechanical support will allow a patient to donate organs - A patient is considered a candidate only if it is predicted that the heart will cease functioning within 90 minutes of removal from mechanical support |
front 49 steps to organ donation | back 49 *after death discussion with physician, nurse, clergy, and social worker *next of kin must consent by signing documents *Gift of Life Coordinator determines the patient's suitability *Gift of Life Coordinator and medical team coordinate the donation process, review of medical/social history, OR scheduled |
front 50 tissue donation from patients who were not on life support | back 50 corneas, skin, bone |
front 51 physiological needs | back 51 Maslow's 1968,1971 model - most basis needs are biological, such as the need for water, oxygen, food, and temperature regulation |
front 52 safety needs | back 52 Maslow's 1968,1971 model - refer to the perception on the part of the individual that his or her environment is safe |
front 53 love and belonging needs | back 53 Maslow's 1968,1971 model - basic social needs - to be known and cared for as an individual and to care for another |
front 54 esteem needs | back 54 Maslow's 1968,1971 model - refers to a positive evaluation of oneself and others, a need to be respected and to respect others |
front 55 self-actualization | back 55 Maslow's 1968,1971 model - to fulfill what one believes is one's purpose |
front 56 Maslow's 1968,1971 model | back 56 1. survival or physiological needs 2. safety needs 3. belonging and love 4. prestige & esteem 5. self-actualization ****all the requisite needs of each prior level must be met in order to achieve the next level (upward) |