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92 notecards = 23 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Cardiovascular System: The Heart

front 1

Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 1

A

front 2

Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E)

back 2

D

front 3

Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 3

C

front 4

Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 4

E

front 5

Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 5

B

front 6

Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, comprised of cells from
the myocardium.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 6

B

front 7

Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 7

E

front 8

Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 8

A

front 9

Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 9

C

front 10

Identify the letter that indicates the thicker myocardial layer of the left ventricle.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

back 10

D

front 11

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the
A) pulmonary cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) pericardial cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) mediastinum.

back 11

E

front 12

The accumulation of pericardial fluid due to inflammation or the accumulation of blood in
the pericardial cavity can lead to
A) pericarditis.
B) pleuritis.
C) cardiac tamponade.
D) fasciae adherens.
E) mitral valve prolapse.

back 12

C

front 13

The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) right auricle

back 13

C

front 14

The heart chamber that receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and
coronary sinus.
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) left auricle

back 14

A

front 15

The internal C-shaped crest of the right atrium which indicates the openings for the Superior
vena cava and Inferior vena cava is
A) ligamentum arteriosum.
B) crista terminalis.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) pectinate muscles.
E) fossa ovalis.

back 15

B

front 16

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.
A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) chordae tendineae
E) fossa ovalis

back 16

D

front 17

The valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.
A) tricuspid valve
B) bicuspid valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) pectinate muscles

back 17

D

front 18

Heart valve with two cusps.
A) mitral valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) fossa ovalis
E) atrioventricular bundle

back 18

A

front 19

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.
A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

back 19

D

front 20

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.
A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

back 20

E

front 21

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the
endocardium and myocardium.
A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular branches
C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
D) sinoatrial node
E) atrioventricular node

back 21

C

front 22

Parasympathetic impulses to the SA node are transmitted on this cranial nerve.
A) Glossopharyngeal nerve
B) Accessory nerve—spinal part
C) Vagus nerve
D) Trigeminal nerve
E) Hypoglossal nerve

back 22

C

front 23

Coronary artery that supplies the left atrium.
A) circumflex artery
B) left anterior descending artery
C) marginal artery
D) posterior descending artery
E) pulmonary artery

back 23

A

front 24

Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.
A) cardiac tamponade
B) valve insufficiency
C) heart block
D) myocardial infarction
E) ventricular fibrillation

back 24

D

front 25

The pericardial cavity lies between
A) the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
B) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.
C) the serous pericardium and the epicardium.
D) the fibrous pericardium and the diaphragm.

back 25

B

front 26

How did the sinoatrial (SA) node most likely get its name?
A) It is on the side of the atrium.
B) It lies at the opening of the coronary sinus.
C) It is damaged by sinus infections (head colds).
D) It develops from the sinus venosus and lies in an atrium.

back 26

D

front 27

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the
A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

back 27

D

front 28

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?
A) the superior vena cava
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the pulmonary vein
D) the coronary sinus

back 28

C

front 29

The superior corner of the right atrium of the heart is located at the
A) costal cartilage of the sixth rib, a finger's width lateral to the sternum.
B) costal cartilage of the third rib where it attaches to the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space along a line extending inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle.
D) midpoint of the jugular notch.

back 29

B

front 30

The auricles are
A) earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.
B) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.
C) projections of the endothelium into the ventricles.
D) modifications of the pectinate muscles on the inner surface of the atria.

back 30

B

front 31

What structures anchor the chordae tendineae?
A) trabeculae carneae
B) papillary muscles
C) pectinate muscles
D) semilunar valves

back 31

B

front 32

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the bulbus cordis?
A) the left atrium
B) the right ventricle
C) the left ventricle
D) the sinoatrial node

back 32

B

front 33

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?
A) the pectinate muscles
B) the mitral valve
C) the trabeculae carneae
D) the papillary muscles

back 33

A

front 34

The right ventricle pumps blood into which vessel?
A) the aorta
B) the pulmonary vein
C) the pulmonary trunk
D) the superior vena cava

back 34

C

front 35

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through
which vessel?
A) a pulmonary vein
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the superior vena cava
D) the coronary sinus

back 35

C

front 36

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by
A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) modified pericardium.

back 36

C

front 37

Semilunar valves are located
A) between the atria and the ventricles.
B) between the ventricles and the great arteries.
C) between the great veins and the atria.
D) only between the left ventricle and the aorta.

back 37

B

front 38

A condition in which the ventricles are unable to pump blood efficiently because of rapid,
random contraction of cardiac muscle fibers is called
A) atrial fibrillation.
B) ventricular fibrillation.
C) pulmonary arterial hypertension.
D) congestive heart failure.

back 38

B

front 39

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic
semilunar valve?
A) superior right
B) inferior right
C) superior left
D) inferior left

back 39

A

front 40

What is the effect of the parasympathetic fibers carried by the vagus nerve?
A) They speed up the heartbeat.
B) They increase the force of cardiac contractions.
C) They slow the heartbeat.
D) The heartbeat is not influenced by the vagus nerve.

back 40

C

front 41

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the
A) opening of the coronary sinus.
B) opening of the inferior vena cava.
C) opening of the pulmonary veins.
D) opening of the superior vena cava.

back 41

C

front 42

Which vessel returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium?
A) the great cardiac vein
B) the coronary sinus
C) the anterior cardiac vein
D) the posterior interventricular vein

back 42

B

front 43

During ventricular systole, blood is
A) flowing from the systemic and pulmonary circuits into both the atria and ventricles.
B) forced from the atria into the ventricles.
C) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
D) not flowing into or out of the heart.

back 43

C

front 44

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

back 44

B

front 45

Blood is carried to capillaries in the myocardium by way of the
A) coronary sinus.
B) fossa ovalis.
C) coronary arteries.
D) coronary veins.

back 45

C

front 46

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?
A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) the great cardiac veins

back 46

D

front 47

The desmosome-like structures that attach adjacent cardiac muscle cells are called
A) fasciae adherens.
B) gap junctions.
C) intercalated disks.
D) T tubules.

back 47

A

front 48

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart and enters the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.

back 48

A

front 49

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus?
A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) the right ventricle
C) the left atrium
D) the pulmonary trunk

back 49

A

front 50

The small cardiac vein is present on the
A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

back 50

A

front 51

The epicardium is the same as the
A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
B) pericardium.
C) endocardium.
D) fibrous pericardium.

back 51

A

front 52

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus is the
A) anterior interventricular artery/Left anterior descending artery (LAD).
B) middle cardiac vein.
C) coronary sinus.
D) circumflex artery.

back 52

A

front 53

The artery that nourishes the walls of the left atrium is the
A) anterior interventricular.
B) circumflex.
C) posterior interventricular.
D) right coronary.

back 53

B

front 54

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

back 54

D

front 55

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the
A) posterior interventricular artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) small cardiac vein.
D) right marginal artery.

back 55

B

front 56

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood around the systemic circuit is the
A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

back 56

D

front 57

If the beating heart makes a "lub-dup" sound, the "dup" sound is caused by
A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
C) the large force of the contracting ventricles.
D) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

back 57

D

front 58

The base of the aorta derives from which of these "original" heart chambers in the embryo?
A) sinus venosus
B) atrium
C) ventricle
D) bulbus cordis

back 58

D

front 59

Destruction of which structure will result in electrical signals traveling to only one ventricle?
A) atrioventricular bundle
B) bundle branch
C) internodal pathway
D) sinoatrial node

back 59

B

front 60

Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the
A) left artery ascending.
B) left artery descending.
C) posterior descending artery.
D) posterior ascending artery.

back 60

C

front 61

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains the cardiac muscle is the
A) epicardium.
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

back 61

C

front 62

Cells of the subendocardial conducting network
A) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells.
B) are nonconducting cells that electrically insulate the bundle branches of the interventricular
septum.
C) are pacemaker cells located in the SA node that initiate each heartbeat.
D) are sensory cells that monitor the stretch of the myocardium to prevent overexpansion by high
blood pressure.

back 62

A

front 63

There is a foramen ovale in the skull and another one in the heart. The foramen ovale in the
heart gives rise to the
A) openings between the atria and ventricles.
B) openings between the ventricles.
C) fossa ovalis.
D) aortic semilunar valve.

back 63

C

front 64

Insertion of a stent to treat coronary artery disease (CAD)
A) involves grafting a portion of the saphenous vein that contains the stent into the occluded
artery.
B) is accomplished by laparoscopic incision at the jugular notch.
C) occurs through a catheter inserted in the femoral artery.
D) requires open heart surgery.

back 64

C

front 65

Pericarditis can lead to all of the following except
A) excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.
B) pericardial friction rub.
C) adhesions.
D) a myocardial infarction.

back 65

D

front 66

The "heartstrings" are
A) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) papillary muscles.

back 66

B

front 67

The semilunar valves are closed when
A) the ventricles are contracting.
B) the ventricles are relaxing.
C) the atrioventricular valves are closed.
D) atria are contracting.

back 67

B

front 68

The atrioventricular node is located in the
A) right atrium, just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava.
B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.
C) interventricular septum, near the heart base.
D) walls of the ventricles, with the other Purkinje fibers.

back 68

B

front 69

Of the following heart chambers, which is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium

back 69

C

front 70

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall so that it can
A) accommodate a greater volume of blood.
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole.
C) pump blood with greater pressure.
D) pump blood through a smaller valve.

back 70

C

front 71

During left ventricular systole, blood exits the heart to enter the
A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) venae cavae.

back 71

A

front 72

To listen for the aortic semilunar valve on the chest wall, one would place the stethoscope in
the
A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple.
D) fifth right intercostal space.

back 72

A

front 73

Which of the following statements about fetal heart development is false?
A) The four heart chambers first develop during the third trimester.
B) The heart begins as a pair of tubes in the midline of the thorax.
C) The heart develops from mesodermal mesenchyme.
D) The two atria are connected by a foramen ovale until birth.

back 73

A

front 74

The tricuspid valve is closed
A) while the ventricle is in diastole.
B) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.
C) while the atrium is contracting.
D) when the ventricle is in systole.

back 74

D

front 75

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the heart?
A) thinning of the valve cusps
B) decline in cardiac reserve
C) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
D) atherosclerosis

back 75

A

front 76

In the pericardial sac, the ________ lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.
A) pericardial cavity
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium
C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
D) epicardium

back 76

C

front 77

This blood vessel is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus.
A) anterior cardiac vein
B) great cardiac vein
C) middle cardiac vein
D) small cardiac vein

back 77

B

front 78

The cardiac centers that control heart rate are located in the
A) cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe.
B) medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
C) pituitary gland of the diencephalon.
D) thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

back 78

B

front 79

Sounds of the aortic valve are heard in the second intercostal space at the right sternal margin.

A) True

B) False

back 79

A

front 80

The correct sequence of heart wall layers from superficial to deep is epicardium, endocardium,
and myocardium.

A) True

B) False

back 80

B

front 81

Heart block interferes with the ability of the ventricles to receive the pacing impulses of the
conducting system.

A) True

B) False

back 81

A

front 82

Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium.

A) True

B) False

back 82

B

front 83

Formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa occurs during the second month of
embryonic development.

A) True

B) False

back 83

A

front 84

Prolapse of the atrioventricular valves is prevented by the chordae tendineae.

A) True

B) False

back 84

A

front 85

Oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs enters the left atrium through two right and two
left pulmonary veins.

A) True

B) False

back 85

A

front 86

Contraction of the heart proceeds first on the right side of the heart and second on the left.

A) True

B) False

back 86

B

front 87

The middle cardiac vein lies alongside the anterior interventricular artery.

A) True

B) False

back 87

B

front 88

The electrical event that begins each heartbeat occurs at the sinoatrial (SA) node.

A) True

B) False

back 88

A

front 89

Contraction of the ventricles begins at the apex and proceeds superiorly.

A) True

B) False

back 89

A

front 90

Parasympathetic fibers innervate the SA node, AV node, and cardiac musculature.

A) True

B) False

back 90

B

front 91

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the descending aorta.

A) True

B) False

back 91

B

front 92

The fibrous skeleton of the heart forces the transmission of electrical signals from the atria to
the ventricles via the atrioventricular bundle.

A) True

B) False

back 92

A