front 1 DNA replication | back 1 a molecule of DNA is copied |
front 2 transformation | back 2 a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell |
front 3 double helix | back 3 two strands and spacing of nitrogenous bases along them |
front 4 antiparallel | back 4 two sugar-phosphate backbones, their subunits run in opposite directions |
front 5 semiconservative model | back 5 Watson and Crick's model predicts that when a double helix replicates, each of the two daughter molecules will have one old strand, from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand. |
front 6 origins of replication | back 6 short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides |
front 7 replication fork | back 7 a Y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound |
front 8 helicases | back 8 enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands |
front 9 single-strand binding proteins | back 9 bind to the unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing. The untwisting of the double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of the replication fork. |
front 10 topoisomerase | back 10 helps relieve this strain by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands. |