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Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics Quiz Review

front 1

Which stage in Meiosis the Crossing over takes place?

back 1

Prophase I

front 2

List 3 different points which leads to variation in the offspring during sexual reproduction

back 2

  1. Independent Assortment
  2. Random Fertilization
  3. Crossing Over

front 3

How many possible combination can arise from independent assortment alone?

back 3

8 million

front 4

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Meiosis

back 4

4 daughter cells

front 5

A cell containing a single set of chromosomes

back 5

Haploid

front 6

Which step of Meiosis resemble Mitosis

back 6

Meiosis II

front 7

These are units of heredity that are made up of segments of DNA

back 7

Genes

front 8

Cells that undergo Meiosis

back 8

Gametes (Sperm and Egg)

front 9

One parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis

back 9

Asexual reproduction

front 10

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

back 10

Sexual reproduction

front 11

Any cell other than a gamete

back 11

Somatic cells

front 12

An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell

back 12

Karyotype

front 13

Two chromosomes in each pair

back 13

Homologous chromosomes

front 14

Name the sex chromosomes

back 14

X and Y

front 15

The 22 pair of chromosomes that do not determine sex

back 15

Autosomes

front 16

Two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes

back 16

Reductional division

front 17

Four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes

back 17

Equational division

front 18

  • More than 90% of the time required for meiosis
  • Chromosomes begin to condense
  • Homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene (Synapsis)
  • Non sister chromatids exchange DNA segments (Crossing over)
  • Each pair of chromosomes forms a tetrad

back 18

Prophase I

front 19

  • Tetrads line up at the equator of the cell

back 19

Metaphase I

front 20

  • Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
  • One chromosome moves toward each pole

back 20

Anaphase I

front 21

  • A spindle apparatus forms
  • Chromosomes move toward the equator of the cell

back 21

Prophase II

front 22

  • Sister chromatids are arranged at the equator of the cell

back 22

Metaphase II

front 23

  • Sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles

back 23

Anaphase II

front 24

Chromosomes which combine genes inherited from each parent

back 24

Recombinant chromosomes

front 25

The fusion of two gametes produces how many combinations

back 25

70 trillion

front 26

Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate

back 26

True-breeding

front 27

Mating two contrasting, true-breeding varieties

back 27

Hybridization

front 28

The true-breeding parents

back 28

P generation

front 29

The hybrid offspring of the P generation

back 29

F1 generation

front 30

F1 individuals self-pollinate producing

back 30

F2 generation

front 31

Individuals carry pairs of hereditary "elements" for each trait. These pairs separate for reproduction and reform pairs in offspring

back 31

Mendel's First Law = Principle of Segregation

front 32

Alternative versions of a gene

back 32

Alleles

front 33

A heritable factor

back 33

Gene

front 34

An organism with two identical alleles for a character

back 34

Homozygous

front 35

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene

back 35

Heterozygous

front 36

Determines the organism's appearance

back 36

Dominant allele

front 37

Has no noticeable effect on appearance

back 37

Recessive allele

front 38

Physical appearance

back 38

Phenotype

front 39

Genetic makeup

back 39

Genotype

front 40

What is the genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross

back 40

1:2:1

front 41

What is the phenotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross

back 41

3:1

front 42

Used to tell the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype

back 42

Testcross

front 43

What is the phenotypic ratio from an dihybrid cross

back 43

9:3:3:1

front 44

When phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical

back 44

Complete (True) dominance

front 45

The phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties

back 45

Incomplete dominance

front 46

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways

back 46

Codominance

front 47

  • Albinism
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Phenylketonuria
  • Sickle - cell disease
  • Tay-Sachs disease

back 47

Recessively Inherited Disorders

front 48

  • Achondroplasia
  • Huntington's Disease
  • Polydactyly

back 48

Dominantly Inherited Disorders

front 49

Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects

back 49

Pleiotropy

front 50

The liquid that bathes the fetus is removed and tested

back 50

Amniocentesis

front 51

A sample of the placenta is removed and tested

back 51

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)