front 1 All of the following factors can cause damage to the cells lining the blood vessels, except: a. chemicals in cigarette smoke b. hypertension c. obesity d. elevated homocysteine e. high HDL cholesterol | back 1 e. high HDL cholesterol |
front 2 Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of chronic diseases? a. lifestyle b. gender c. age d. all f. genetics | back 2 d. all of these |
front 3 _______ is the term used to describe the combination of conventional medicine and CAM treatments for which there is some high-quality scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness. | back 3 Integrative Medicine |
front 4 For each ________ point increase in systolic blood pressure and ________ point increase in diastolic blood pressure, the risk of death from CVD doubles. | back 4 20; 10 |
front 5 Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes but not for hypertension? a. genetics b. age c. diets low in fruits, vegetables, and other foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals d . diets high in saturated and/or trans fat e. sedentary lifestyle | back 5 c. diets low in fruits, vegetables, and other foods rich in fiber and phytochemicals |
front 6 Which foods should diabetics avoid? a. whole wheat grain products b. eggs c. alcohol d. dairy products e. none of these choices f. sugar | back 6 e. none |
front 7 Most people have well-developed plaques by the age of ________ . | back 7 30 |
front 8 Which federal agency is responsible for evaluating dietary supplements for safety or effectiveness and monitoring their contents? a. NIH b. FDA c. USDA d. CDC e. None of these choices | back 8 e. none of these |
front 9 Which type of immune system cells responds to infection by rapidly dividing and producing large proteins known as antibodies? | back 9 B-cells |
front 10 Cancer is the ________ leading cause of death in the United States. | back 10 2nd |
front 11 Which of the following is not an antigen? a. toxins b. dust c. viruses d. bacteria e. food proteins that cause allergies | back 11 b. dust |
front 12 Which of the following is a beneficial effect of physical activity and protective factor against coronary heart disease? a. lowering blood pressure b. raising HDL c. lowering LDL d. lowering LDL and raising HDL e. all of these choices f. improving insulin sensitivity | back 12 e. all of these |
front 13 Which of the following statements regarding the immune system is false? a. Lymphocytes, the scavengers of the immune system, are the second group of cells to arrive at the scene if an invader gains entry. b. Phagocytes secrete special proteins called cytokines that activate the immune response to infection. c. T-cells are highly specific with each T-cell attacking only one type of antigen. d. The antibodies are members of a class of proteins known as immunoglobulins. e. Two types of white blood cells, the phagocytes and lymphocytes, defend the body against infectious diseases | back 13 a. |
front 14 The Healthy Eating Plate, an alternative to USDA MyPlate, replaces the 'milk' in the meal with: | back 14 water |
front 15 Low HDL, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity – along with high blood triglycerides comprise a cluster of health risks known as ________ . | back 15 Metabolic syndrome |
front 16 When ________ are abundant in the diet, they make more of the kinds of eicosanoids that favor heart health. | back 16 Omega-3 fatty acids |
front 17 Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease? a. increasing age b. low blood HDL cholesterol c. diabetes d. high blood LDL cholesterol e. female gender | back 17 e. female gender |
front 18 Which of the following factors regulate blood pressure? a. hormonal regulation of respiration rate b. regulation of heart muscle contractions by the nervous system c. secretion of hormones from the heart d. all of these choices e. contractions of the kidneys that cause fluid retention | back 18 b. regulation of heart muscle contractions by the nervous system |
front 19 People with diabetes are ________ as likely to develop cardiovascular problems as those without diabetes. | back 19 twice |
front 20 Which of the following is a hypertension medication that causes the heart to beat more slowly and with less force? a. calcium channel blockers b. sodium pump blockers c. beta-blockers d. ACE inhibitors | back 20 c. beta-blockers |
front 21 Which of the following is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes? a. physical inactivity b. smoking c. obesity d. poor dietary habits e. gender f. aging | back 21 e. gender |
front 22 Which of the following dietary factors has not been linked with cancer? a. cruciferous vegetables b. processed meats c. salty foods d. grilled meats e. red meat f. alcohol | back 22 a. cruciferous vegetables |
front 23 All of the following are strategies to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease except: a. If alcohol is consumed, limit it to one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men. b. Limit saturated fats to less than 7 percent of total kcalories. c. Choose a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and other foods high in soluble fibers. d. Choose a diet low in potassium and salt. e. Consume fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids at least twice a week. | back 23 d. choose a diet low in potassium and salt |
front 24 Which of the following is a means of transmission for HIV? a. blood b. shaking hands c. breastfeeding d. insect bite e. kissing f. blood, kissing, and insect bite g. breastfeeding, blood, and kissing | back 24 g. breastfeeding, blood, and kissing |
front 25 In which of the following ways is acute inflammation beneficial with healing? a. inflammation promotes recovery from external stressors b. all of these choices c. inflammation heals wounds d. inflammation fights off infection e. inflammation removes damaged tissue | back 25 b. all |
front 26 Which of the following is the most atherogenic lipoprotein? a. HDL b. VLDL c. Triglycerides d. LDL | back 26 d. LDL |
front 27 Which of the following is the body's first line of defense against foreign substances? a. mucous membranes b. all of these choices c. skin d. GI tract | back 27 b. all of these |
front 28 Which of the following chronic diseases does not have the dietary guidelines to "consume less than 10 percent of kcalories from saturated fatty acids and keep trans-fatty acid consumption as low as possible"? a. cancer b. hypertension c. heart disease d. all of these choices have this dietary guideline e. diabetes | back 28 b. hypertension |
front 29 19. Which of the following food-safety concerns is the FDA's highest priority?
a. nutritional adequacy of foods
b. foodborne illness
c. water safety
d. environmental contaminants
e. pesticides
| back 29 b. foodborne illness |
front 30 19. | back 30 no data |
front 31 19. Raw eggs in their shells, hot dogs in an unopened package, and most aged cheeses can be safely stored in a refrigerator for ________ . | back 31 2-4 weeks |
front 32 19. Which of the following is not a technique a consumer can use to minimize nutrient losses? a. Store cut fruits and vegetables in an airtight container in the refrigerator. b. Wash fruits and vegetables before cutting them. c. Store most fruits and vegetables at room temperature like they do at the grocery store. d . Steam or microwave your vegetables. e. Use cooking water when preparing casseroles and soups. | back 32 c. Store most fruits and vegetables at room temperature like they do at the grocery store. |
front 33 19. The ________ regulates commercial fishing to help ensure that fish destined for consumption in the United States meet safety standards for mercury and other contaminants. | back 33 EPA |
front 34 19. Codes for organic produce are five digits and begin with ________ . | back 34 9 |
front 35 19. Which of the following is an intentional additive that can also function as an antioxidant? a. vitamin C b. vitamin E c. sulfites d. BHA e. vitamin C f. all of these choices | back 35 all of these |
front 36 19. The amount of artificial sweetener considered safe is called the ________ . | back 36 Acceptable daily intake (ADI) |
front 37 19. Genetic engineering can have all of the following effects on foods and our food supply except: a. more efficient food processing b. improved nutrient composition c. growth of crops that resist herbicides d. increased food yields e. a shortened shelf life | back 37 e. shortened shelf life |
front 38 19. Which of the following treatment or manufacturing factors would prevent a food from being labeled organic? a. using genetically engineered seeds for greater yield b. irradiation of a food to kill microbes in that food c. use of fertilizer with sewer sludge to grow food
d. all of these choices
| back 38 d. all |
front 39 19. All of the following vegetables contain small quantities of goitrogens – natural toxicants that can enlarge the thyroid gland, except: a. cauliflower b. potatoes c. broccoli d. cabbage e. radishes | back 39 b. potatoes |
front 40 19. Which of the following is a reason for intentional food additives to be put into foods? a. to add color and flavor b. to stabilize the food c. all of these choices d. added nutrient value
e. resistance to spoilage
| back 40 c. all |
front 41 19. According to the Total Diet Study, the FDA finds that ________ percent of domestic and ________ percent of imported samples exceed the amount so pesticide residues considered acceptable. | back 41 2; 4 |
front 42 19. Which of the following statements is false? a. Raw oysters may carry the hepatitis A virus, which can cause liver disease. b. Not all types of food poisoning are detectable by odor, but some bacterial wastes produce "off" odors. c. H1N1 virus can be transmitted by eating pork.
d. A similar disease that develops in people who have
eaten contaminated beef from cows infected with mad cow disease is
called Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.
| back 42 c. H1N1 can be transmitted by eating pork |
front 43 19. Which of the following is an effect of food radiation on health? a. none of these choices b. decrease in fertility c. increased risk of cancer d. all of these choices e. increased risk of fetal mutations f. increased risk of birth defects | back 43 a. none of these |
front 44 19. Of the following toxins, which one is most responsible for fish contamination by threefold? a. DDT b. chlordane c. dioxins d. mercury e. PCB | back 44 d. mercury |
front 45 19. The danger zone for foods is between ________ degrees and ________ degrees F. | back 45 40 and 140 degrees Farenheit |
front 46 19. ________ is the accumulation of contaminants in the flesh of
animals high on the food chain. | back 46 bioaccumulation |
front 47 19. Which of the following is a means by which surface water contamination can be reversed? a. plants and microorganisms living in the water
b. aeration
c. all of these choices can reverse surface water
contamination
d. sunlight
e. fresh rain
| back 47 c. all of these can reverse it |
front 48 19. Which of the following is a concern of unregulated biotechnology? a. disruption of natural ecosystems by unnatural, genetically altered, organisms b. introduction of new diseases as newly created viruses may mutate and cause deadly diseases c. new substances in the modified crops that may cause allergies d. potential development for biological weapons e. all of these choices | back 48 e. all of these |
front 49 19. Which agency regulates bottled drinking water? | back 49 FDA |
front 50 19. Nitrites prevent the growth of bacteria and the deadly ________ toxin. | back 50 botulinum |
front 51 19. Which of the following is a role of food additives? a. to speed up cooking time b. enhancement of nutrient quantity c. reduction of the risk of foodborne illness d. all of these choices | back 51 c. reduction of risk of foodborne illness |
front 52 19. Which of the following types of fish is relatively high in mercury? a. cod b. swordfish c. salmon d. tilapia e. sole | back 52 b. swordfish |
front 53 19. Which of the following is not a step a consumer can take in their kitchen to prevent foodborne illness? a. Keep raw eggs, meat, poultry, and seafood separate from other foods. b. After a meal, refrigerate any leftovers immediately. c. Cook foods long enough to reach internal temperatures that will kill microbes. d. Wash countertops, cutting boards, hands, sponges, and utensils in cool, soapy water before and after each step of food preparation. | back 53 d. |
front 54 19. In which of the following ways does low-dose irradiation protect consumers from foodborne illness? a. Controlling mold in grains. b. Sterilizing spices and teas for storage at room temperature. c . Controlling insects and extending shelf life in fresh fruits and vegetables. d. Destroying harmful bacteria in frozen beef, poultry, lamb, and pork.
e. All of these choices
| back 54 e. all of these |
front 55 19. The FDA's concern with additives hinges primarily on their ________ . | back 55 safety |
front 56 19. Which of the following is a reason why consumers choose to purchase organic products? a . to reduce exposure to pesticides b. protecting animals c. improving worker safety d. all of these choices e. benefiting the environment | back 56 d. all of these |
front 57 19. Wash your hands with warm water and soap for at least ________ seconds before preparing or eating food to reduce the chance of microbial contamination. | back 57 20 |
front 58 20. To prevent death from diarrheal disease, it is important to provide all of the following things, except: a. oral rehydration therapy b. adequate sanitation c. clean water d. sheltered housing | back 58 d. sheltered housing |
front 59 20. The international poverty line for an individual is ________ a day. | back 59 $1.25 |
front 60 20. Hunger has many causes, but in developed countries, the primary cause is ________ . | back 60 food poverty |
front 61 20. One out of every ________ Americans receives food assistance of some kind. | back 61 5 |
front 62 20. The primary cause of hunger in developing countries is ________ . | back 62 poverty |
front 63 20. Which of the following is not a type II nutrient in which a deficiency result in impaired growth? a. potassium b. magnesium c. iron d. amino acids e. zinc | back 63 c. iron |
front 64 20. In the United States, the food industry consumes about ________ percent of all the energy the nation uses. | back 64 20% |
front 65 20. ________ is the largest single source of nonpoint water pollution. | back 65 Agriculture |
front 66 20. Each year, an estimated ________ of the world's food supply is wasted along the way from farm to final consumption. | back 66 1/3 |
front 67 20. All of the following nutrients are most likely to be deficient in a child suffering from malnutrition, except: a. riboflavin b. iodine c. zinc d. iron e. vitamin A | back 67 a. riboflavin |
front 68 20. Which of the following severe forms of malnutrition is characterized by poor growth, dramatic weight loss, loss of body fat and muscle, and apathy?
a. marasmus
b. edema
c. kwashiorkor
d. none of these choices
e. parasitic malnutrition
| back 68 a. marasmus |
front 69 20. Which of the following statements is true? a. Poverty and hunger contribute to population growth. b. As the world's population continues to grow, much of the increase is occurring in developing countries where hunger and malnutrition are already widespread. c. All of these choices are true d . Population growth is a central factor contributing to poverty and hunger.
e. Poverty and its consequences leave women vulnerable
to physical abuse, forced marriages, and prostitution.
| back 69 c. all |
front 70 20. Which of these four common food recovery methods involves the collecting of fresh foods from wholesalers and markets before they rot or become inedible? a. nonperishable food collection b. field gleaning c. perishable food rescue or salvage d. prepared food rescue | back 70 c. perishable food rescue or salvage |
front 71 20. It takes approximately ________ gallons of water to produce 1 serving of steak. | back 71 2600 (holy crap!) |
front 72 20. The major cause of food poverty in developed countries is ________ . | back 72 the lack of resources |
front 73 20. In recent years, which of the following factors was the dominant cause of famine? a. disease among people b. pests c. drought d. flood e. political unrest | back 73 e. political unrest |
front 74 20. The United Nations (UN) describes a nation's impact on the environment as its " ________ ." | back 74 ecological footprint |
front 75 20. Which of the following continents has the greatest percentage of people living in hunger 'hot spots'? a. North America b. Antarctica c. Asia d. Africa e. South America | back 75 d. Africa |
front 76 20. Which of the following food assistance programs is the largest federal program in both the amount of money spent and in the number of people served? a. Feeding America b. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) c. Meals on Wheels d. None of these choices e. Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) | back 76 b. SNAP |
front 77 20. Which of the following statements is false? a. The highest rates of obesity occur among those living in the greatest poverty. b. Food insecure people who participate in food assistance programs have a greater risk of obesity than those who do not participate. c. Poor-quality diets deliver more kcalories, but fewer nutrients, for less money. d. Many healthful food choices are not readily available in low-income or rural neighborhoods. | back 77 b. Food insecure people who participate in food assistance programs have a greater risk of obesity than those who do not participate. |
front 78 20. Compared with adequately nourished children, the risk of death is ________ times greater for children with mild malnutrition. | back 78 2.5 |
front 79 20. All of the following are approaches poor nations can subscribe to perform for sustainable development except: a. develop better programs to assist the poor b. slow and reverse the destruction of environmental resources c. none of these choices d. reduce their wasteful use of resources and energy e. provide contraceptive technology to their citizens | back 79 d. reduce their wasteful use of resources and energy |
front 80 20. One way to reduce the costs (i.e., water use, pesticide use, and energy use) of food production is for consumers to eat low on the food chain. This is evident considering that most animal-derived foods require from ________ kcalories of fuel per kcalorie of edible food. | back 80 10 to 90 |
front 81 20. On average, an item of food is transported ________ miles before it is eaten – when the crops are grown and the final destination are both in the United States. | back 81 1500 miles |
front 82 20. For pregnant women living in poverty, the risk of developing
gestational diabetes is more than ________ that of pregnant women not
living in poverty. | back 82 2 times |
front 83 20. One-sixth of the world's population have no land and no possessions at all. They are the "poorest poor" and they survive on less than $ ________ a day. | back 83 $1 |
front 84 20. One child dies every ________ from hunger-related causes. | back 84 5 seconds |
front 85 20. The limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate
and safe foods is known as ________ . | back 85 food insecurity |
front 86 20. Worldwide, one person in every ________ experiences persistent hunger. | back 86 8 |