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Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Mastering AP Biology

front 1

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

A. H2O > NADPH > Calvin Cycle

B. NADPH > Chlorophyll > Calvin Cycle

C. NADPH > Electron transport chain > O2

D. NADPH > O2 > CO2

E. H20 > Photosystem 1 > Photosystem 2

back 1

A. H2O > NADPH > Calvin cycle

front 2

Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle.

A. Oxidized ... Reduced

B. Reduced ... Reduced

C. Consumed ... Consumed

D. Consumed ... Reduced

E. Reduced ... Oxidized

back 2

A. Oxidized ... Reduced

front 3

What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis?

A. CO2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules.

B. CO2 is taken in by plants as a form of inverse respiration, in which carbon dioxide is “breathed in” and oxygen is “breathed out.”

C. CO2 is a source of electrons in the formation of organic molecules.

back 3

A. CO2 is fixed or incorporated into organic molecules.

front 4

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

B. High-energy photons

C. Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

D. NADP+ and RuBP

E. Water and CO2

back 4

C. Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH

front 5

Photosystem 1

Photosystem 2

Photosystem 1 & 2

Reduction of NADP+

Reduction of primary electron acceptor

Oxidation of electron transport chain between two photosystems

Reduction of electron transport chain between the two photosystems

Light absorption

Oxidation of water

back 5

Photosystem 1

Oxidization of water

Reduction of electron transport chain between the two photosystems

P2

Reduction of NADP+

Oxidation of electron transport chain between two photosystems

P1&2

Reduction of primary electron acceptor

Light absorption

front 6

Electron transport step l Energy input required

  1. Water > P680+
  2. P680 > Pq (plastoquinone)
  3. Pq > P700+
  4. P700 > Fd (ferredoxin)
  5. Fd > NADP+

back 6

Electron transport step l Energy input required

  1. Water > P680+ … no energy
  2. P680 > Pq (plastoquinone) … energy
  3. Pq > P700+ … no energy
  4. P700 > Fd (ferredoxin) ... energy
  5. Fd > NADP+ … no energy

front 7

Diagram of H+ movement

back 7

  1. P. –
  2. P.Site of H+ release
  3. P. Site of ATP synthesis
  4. B. H+ pumped across membrane
  5. B. –
  6. B. H+ diffuses across membrane

front 8

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____.

A. Oxidizing glucose

B. Fixing carbon

C. Splitting water

D. Breaking down ATP

E. Removing them from NADPH

back 8

C. Splitting water

front 9

C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____.

A. They store carbon by incorporating CO2 into organic acids that are later catabolized

B. They produce water as a product of their photosynthetic pathways

C. The stomata open at night and close in the day

D. They can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed

E. They produce carbon dioxide internally via photorespiration

back 9

D. They can fix carbon at the lower CO2 concentrations that develop when the stomata are closed

front 10

Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____.

A. Rubisco

B. G3P

C. NADPH

D. RuBP

E. 3-PGA

back 10

D. RuBP

front 11

After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____.

A. CO2

B. NADPH

C. ATP

D. ADP

E. NADP+

back 11

B. NADPH

front 12

How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?

A. 6

B. 2

C. 10

D. 4

E. 8

back 12

A. 6

front 13

In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?

A. 1

B. 3

C. 2

D. 4

E. 5

back 13

B. 3

front 14

Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?

A. Substrate-level phosphorylation

B. Photophosphorylation

C. Dephosphorylation

D. Oxidative phosphorylation

back 14

B. Photophosphorylation

front 15

True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.

True

False

back 15

False

front 16

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?

A. Temperature gradient

B. Osmotic gradient

C. Electrons

D. Proton gradient

back 16

D. Proton gradient

front 17

Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel?

A. ATP

B. ADP

C. Inorganic phosphate

D. Protons

back 17

D. Protons

front 18

True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.

True

False

back 18

False

front 19

Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of pH 5. The solution is then adjusted to pH 8. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions?

A. ATP will be produced because the proton gradient favors proton movement through the ATP synthase channels.

B. ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution.

C. The change in the solution's pH results in a gradient across the chloroplast membranes such that there is a lower concentration of protons inside the vesicles and a higher concentration outside.

D. Protons will not diffuse toward the outside of the vesicles.

back 19

B. ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution.

front 20

_____ has a longer wavelength than _____.

A. Yellow ... red

B. Red ... green

C. Violet ... blue

D. Green ... yellow

E. Blue ... green

back 20

B. Red ... green

front 21

The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____.

A. Making sugar

B. Producing carbon dioxide

C. Capturing sunlight

D. Splitting water

E. Oxidizing glucose

back 21

A. Making sugar

front 22

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

A. Reduction of NADP+.

B. Carbon fixation.

C. The Calvin cycle.

D. Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.

E. Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.

back 22

D. Oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.

front 23

Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?

a. A

b. D

c. E

d. C

e. B

back 23

C. E

front 24

_____ releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.

A. E

B. C

C. B

D. D

E. A

back 24

C. B

front 25

_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e- .

A. B

B. C

C. A

D. E

E. D

back 25

C. A

front 26

Energized electrons from ____ enter an electron transport chain and are then used to reduce NADP+.

A. B

B. E

C. A

D. C

E. D

back 26

D. C

front 27

Chlorophyll can be found in _____.

A. B and C

B. A and C

C. A and B

D. B and D

E. B and E

back 27

B. A and C

front 28

Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis?

A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

B. H2O → 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2e-

C. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

D. 6 CO2 + 6 O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O

E. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

back 28

C. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

front 29

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

A. C

B. E

C. D

D. B

E. A

back 29

B. E

front 30

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____.

A. Water ... NADPH

B. NADPH ... oxygen

C. Carbon dioxide ... oxygen

D. NADPH ... NADP+

E. Carbon dioxide ... sugar

back 30

A. Water ... NADPH

front 31

Select the correct molecule that is the main product of the Calvin cycle.

A. G3P

B. NADPH

C. Glucose

back 31

A. G3P

front 32

In C3 plants the conservation of water promotes _____.

A. A shift to C4 photosynthesis

B. The light reactions

C. The opening of stomata

D. Photosynthesis

E. Photorespiration

back 32

E. Photorespiration

front 33

In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.

A. Grana

B. Thylakoids

C. Cytoplasm

D. Stomata

E. Stroma

back 33

C. Cytoplasm

front 34

C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants _____.

A. Use malic acid to transfer carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle

B. Transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs

C. Are better adapted to wet conditions

D. Open their stomata only at night

E. Use PEP carboxylase to fix carbon dioxide

back 34

B. Transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs

front 35

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

A. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.

B. Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.

C. In both cases, only photosystem I is used.

D. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.

E. In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.

back 35

A. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.