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Ch 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

front 1

Which of the following is true of an X-linked gene, but not of a Y-linked gene?

back 1

The gene is present in both males and females.

front 2

In general, the frequency with which crossing over occurs between two linked genes depends on what?

back 2

how far apart they are on the chromosome

front 3

What is a nondisjunction?

back 3

An error in cell division that causes homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to move to the same side of the dividing cell

front 4

When can nondisjunction occur? Choose the best answer.

back 4

In mitosis, when sister chromatids fail to separate
In meiosis, when sister chromatids fail to separate
In meiosis, when homologous chromosomes fail to separate

front 5

Which syndrome is characterized by the XO chromosome abnormality?

back 5

Turner Syndrome

front 6

What kind of cell results when a diploid and a haploid gamete fuse during fertilization?

back 6

A triploid cell

front 7

Of the following chromosomal abnormalities, which type is most likely to be viable in humans?

back 7

Trisomy

front 8

If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis and produces two gametes that are normal, and one with n − 1 chromosomes, and one with n + 1 chromosomes, what type of error occurred?

back 8

A nondisjunction error occurred in meiosis II, in which both sister chromatids of a chromosome migrated to the same pole of the cell.

front 9

If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis and produces two gametes with n + 1 chromosomes and two gametes with n− 1 chromosomes, what type of error occurred?

back 9

A nondisjunction error occurred in meiosis I, in which both members of a homologous pair migrated to the same pole of the cell.

front 10

Humans are diploid and have 46 chromosomes (or two sets). How many sets of chromosomes are found in each human gamete?

back 10

1

front 11

Humans are diploid and have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are found in each human gamete?

back 11

23

front 12

_____ is the process by which haploid gametes form a diploid zygote.

back 12

Fertilization

front 13

A particular diploid plant species has 48 chromosomes, or two sets. A mutation occurs and gametes with 48 chromosomes are produced. If self-fertilization occurs, the zygote will have _____ set(s) of chromosomes.

back 13

4

front 14

Which of these terms applies to an organism with extra sets of chromosomes?

back 14

polyploid

front 15

Mutant tetraploid plants _____.

back 15

are unable to interbreed with a diploid plant

front 16

Most polyploid plants arise as a result of _____.

back 16

hybridization

front 17

Which of the following results in a situation in which the chromosome number is either 2n+1 or 2n-1 ?

back 17

aneuploidy

front 18

What results if a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome at the same place but in the reverse direction?

back 18

an inversion

front 19

What phenomenon occurs when a particular allele will either be expressed or silenced, depending on whether it is inherited from a male or a female?

back 19

genomic imprinting

front 20

How are human mitochondria inherited?

back 20

from mother only

front 21

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder that affects which of the following?

back 21

heart, liver, and lungs

front 22

How long can sperm be cryogenically stored and still be viable?

back 22

for more than 20 years

front 23

Which federal agency ensures that sperm donors are tested for communicable diseases?

back 23

Food and drug administration

front 24

Which of the following is true?

back 24

Both women and men can be carriers for genetic disorders.

front 25

Which of the following is a leading cause of sudden death among young athletes?

back 25

HCM

front 26

What pattern of inheritance would lead a geneticist to suspect that an inherited disorder of cell metabolism is due to a defective mitochondrial gene?

back 26

The disorder would always be inherited from the mother.

front 27

Which of these descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains Mendel’s law of segregation?

back 27

The two alleles for each gene separate as homologous chromosomes move apart during anaphase I.

front 28

Which of these descriptions of the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis explains Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

back 28

The arrangement of each pair of homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate during metaphase I is random with respect to the arrangements of other pairs.

front 29

Select the correct statement(s) about sex determination in animals.

back 29

The mechanism of sex determination varies with different animal species.

front 30

Imagine a human disorder that is inherited as a dominant, X-linked trait. How would the frequency of this disorder vary between males and females?

back 30

Females would display this disorder with greater frequency than males.

front 31

In humans, what determines the sex of offspring and why?

back 31

The male gamete determines sex because each male gamete can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome.

front 32

What can we observe in order to visualize Mendel's Law of Segregation?

back 32

homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis I

front 33

What name is given to the most common phenotype in a natural population?

back 33

wild type

front 34

A white-eyed female Drosophila is crossed with a red-eyed male Drosophila. Which statement below correctly describes the results?

back 34

None of the females will have white eyes.