front 1 General Functions of the Lymphatic System | back 1 1. Help maintain H20/electrolyte balance
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front 2 How does the lymphatic system help maintain water/electrolyte balance? | back 2 By moving excess interstitial fluid (ISF) from interstitial spaces (ISS) into lymph, and back into blood. |
front 3 How does the lymphatic system help defend body tissues from infections? | back 3 1. "Filtering" pathogens from lymph
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front 4 Where/how does the lymphatic system absorb fats? | back 4 From intestines via lacteals to reduce blood vicosity |
front 5 Lymph Formation | back 5 1. Hydrostatic pressure forces plasma from blood capillaries into ISS, where it becomes ISF
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front 6 How many liters of water and plasma protein enter the interstitial spaces each day? | back 6 2-4 liters of water
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front 7 Interstitial | back 7 extra-cellular spaces in tissues |
front 8 What does transcellular fluid (TCF) include? | back 8 1. Cerebral Spinal fluid (CSF)
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front 9 What is lymph? | back 9 It is essentially ISF that has entered the lymphatic pathway |
front 10 What ions does lymph contain high concentrations of? | back 10 Na+
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front 11 What ions does lymph contain low concentrations of? | back 11 K+
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front 12 What are the major lymphatic organs? | back 12 1. Lymph Nodes
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front 13 ![]() | back 13 Cervical lymph nodes |
front 14 ![]() | back 14 Axillary lymph nodes |
front 15 ![]() | back 15 Inguinal lymph nodes |
front 16 Lymph Nodes - Structure | back 16 Bean-shaped
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front 17 Nodules | back 17 Dense masses of lymphocytes and macrophages |
front 18 Lymph Nodes - Function | back 18 Produce lymphocytes |
front 19 Lymphocytes | back 19 Help macrophages "filter" lymph by removing pathogens and foreign substances from lymph before it enters venous blood. |
front 20 ![]() | back 20 Thymus |
front 21 Thymus - Location | back 21 Anterior surface of mediastinum
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front 22 Thymus - Structure | back 22 Soft bi-lobed immune organ composed of lymphatic tissue and subdivided into lobules containing large numbers of lymphocytes |
front 23 Thymus - Function | back 23 Produce & Secrete hormone Thymosin
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front 24 Thymosin | back 24 Stimulatees "undedicated" lymphocytes to develop into "dedicated" T-cells |
front 25 What is the largest lymphatic organ? | back 25 Spleen |
front 26 ![]() | back 26 Spleen |
front 27 Spleen - Location | back 27 Left hypochondriac region |
front 28 Spleen - Structure | back 28 Similar to a large lymph node
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front 29 What are the four MAJOR functions of the spleen? | back 29 1. Serves as a blood reservoir at prolonged periods of inactivity
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front 30 Why is the spleen known as the erythrocyte graveyard? | back 30 That is where it recycles/destroys red blood cells and other pathogens |
front 31 Other functions/characteristics of the spleen | back 31 1. Produce blood cells in fetus & sometimes resumes this role in adulthood in extreme cases of anemia
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front 32 What body parts can take over the function of the spleen if it is removed? | back 32 Liver
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front 33 What lymphatic tissues are associated with the mucosa/gut and where are they located? | back 33 1. Tonsils - mouth/throat
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front 34 What are the three sets of tonsils and where are they located? | back 34 1. Palatine - post. oral cavity
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front 35 ![]() | back 35 Palatine tonsils |
front 36 ![]() | back 36 Lingual tonsils |
front 37 ![]() | back 37 Pharyngeal tonsils |
front 38 Tonsils - Structure | back 38 Partially encapsulated lymph nodules containing lymphocytes |
front 39 Tonsils - Function | back 39 Gather/remove pathogens from ingested food and inhaled air |
front 40 Peyer's patches - Location | back 40 Scattered throughout mucosal lining of ileum |
front 41 Peyer's patches - Structure | back 41 Large isolated |
front 42 Peyer's patches - Function | back 42 Trap and destroy bacteria in small intestine |
front 43 Vermiform Appendix - Location | back 43 Post./Medial surface of cecum |
front 44 Vermiform Appendix - Structure | back 44 "Wormlike" tubular structure containing lymphatic tissue |
front 45 Vermiform Appendix - Function | back 45 Breeding ground for intestinal flora and lymphatic tissue much like the tonsils |
front 46 ![]() | back 46 Lymphatic capillaries |
front 47 ![]() | back 47 Lymphatic vessels |
front 48 Lymph capillaries - Location | back 48 Throughout body in ISS parallel to blood capillaries |
front 49 Lymph capillaries - Structure | back 49 Very permeable close-ended tube composed of simple squamous e. |
front 50 Lymph capillaries - Function | back 50 Receive excess ISF moved into lymph pathway via osmotic pressure |
front 51 Lymph Vessels - Location | back 51 Between lymph capillaries/lymph nodes and lymph nodes/lymph trunks |
front 52 Lymph Vessels - Structure | back 52 3 layers similar to veins |
front 53 What are the three layers of lymph vessels & what makes them up? | back 53 1. Inner = endothelium with valves
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front 54 How to lymph vessels move lymph? | back 54 By using the milking action of skeletal muscles similar to veins (known as ******) |
front 55 Lymph Vessels - Function | back 55 Transport lymph to lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks |
front 56 Lymphatic Trunks - Location | back 56 Throughout trunk of body where larger lymphatic vessels merge |
front 57 Lymphatic Trunks - Structure | back 57 Similar to veins |
front 58 Lymphatic Trunks - Function | back 58 Drain lymph from relatively large regions of the body |
front 59 What are the 5 regions of the body where lymphatic trunks train lymph from? (Each lymphatic trunk is named after the region it drains from) | back 59 1. Lumbar
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front 60 ![]() Identify the 5 lymphatic trunks | back 60 1. Intestinal
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front 61 How many collecting ducts are there and where to they drain? | back 61 2 collecting ducts
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front 62 Collecting Ducts - Location | back 62 Where groups of lymphatic trunks merge at two locations |
front 63 Collecting Ducts - Function | back 63 Receive lymph from lymphatic trunks and empty the collected lymph into venous circulation at junction of Jugular and Subclavian Veins |
front 64 ![]() Identify the 2 collecting ducts | back 64 1. Right lymphatic duct
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front 65 Right Lymphatic Duct - Location and Function | back 65 -Upper right side of thorax and head. At union of R jugular, subclavian and bronchomdediastinal trunks
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front 66 Thoracic Duct - Location and Function | back 66 -Drains L. head/neck, arm, thorax, entire abdomen and both legs.
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