Antigen-antibody response:

the third line of defense against infection.

Acquired immunity:

active production or receipt of antibodies.

Natural active acquired immunity:

antibodies acquired by having a particular disease.

There is currently less reason to be concerned about contracting HIV because there is improved treatment and the disease is no longer fatal.

FALSE

Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are bloodborne viral infections. When you are caring for persons known to have either of these disease, use the following infection control techniques:

a. Wear gloves if you may come in contact with blood or body substances
b. Wear goggles if there is a possibility of your being splashed with blood or body substances

Explain the difference between Tier 1 and Tier 2 infection control precautions.

Tier 1 precautions are the basic standards for health care workers. This keeps health care workers and patients safe, and saves the worker the time it takes to differentiate from the different levels of protection from different diseases. There are differences for blood and body fluids, but these are the general rules for hospitals and health care facilities. Tier 2 precautions are procedures based on the possible transmission of diseases. The three main subjects are airborne isolation, droplet isolation, and contact isolation. These are expanded precautions for communicable diseases. Most of these are applied by the health care worker for the specific patient, and is case-by-case.

HIV, or the disease that it produces, is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with infected blood or body substances.

TRUE

Food and Drug Administration

Regulates the manufacture and sale of medications to protect health of U.S. citizens

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Conducts multicenter studies on diseases and publishes a weekly outline on the statistics of infectious diseases in the United States.

World Health Organization

Receives data concerning infectious disease from all countries and compiles a report for every country.

The Joint Commission

Sets requirements for hospital safety and infection control practices.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Controls disposal of medical waste.

The radiographer should always dress for the workplace with infection control in mind. This means that:

Clothing must be washable; fingernails must be kept short; shoes must be comfortable and have closed toes; and no jewelry is worn.

Microorganisms that need a host cell to reproduce and are virtually unresponsive to antimicrobial drugs are:

Viruses

When a person is in the incubation period of the disease process, the radiographer has no control over its transmission.

FALSE

The radiographer must use strict infection control measures that include blood and body substance precautions for:

Every patient who enters the diagnostic imaging department.

Blood and body substance precautions include:

Use of clean, disposable gloves for contact of the hands with blood or body fluids, a mask and goggles if blood or body fluids may spray on your face, and a gown if the blood and body fluids may touch your clothing for any patient care that may involve contact with blood or body fluids.

The most common means of spreading infection are:

Human hands.

The elements need to produce an infection are a source, a host, and a means of transmission. An example of a source of infection might be:

a. A radiography student who has a cold and comes to work
b. A visitor in the hospital who has a "fever blister" on her mouth
c. A patient who develops pneumonia

A safety precaution that must be taken when disposing o fused hypodermic needles and syringes is:

To place the syringe immediately after use with the uncapped needle attached directly into the contaminated waste receptacle provided

Indirect contact

Touching objects that have been contaminated with disease-producing microbes.

Vehicle contact

Ingesting contaminated water, food, drugs, or blood.

Airborne contact

Inhaling air contaminated with infectious microbes.

Droplet contact

Contact with secretions transferred by sneezing, coughing, or talking.

Direct contact

Touching contaminated material with hands.

When caring for a patient whom you know to be infected with HIV and who does not have AIDS, you use standard blood and body fluid precautions and:

b. Keep all information concerning the patient confidential
c. Keep the patient's chart in a place where it cannot be read by others

The radiographer who has received a needle-stick injury is obliged to notify his supervisor at the end of the work day.

FALSE- notify supervisor immediately.

Hand hygiene is to be used in the following situations by radiographers in the workplace:

a. Before caring for a patient
b. After caring for a patient
c. When preparing of an invasive procedure

If it is not possible to find a sink to wash hands, it is safe to use alcohol-based hand rubs.

TRUE

The route of transmission of MRSA, VRE, VRSA, and ESBL is

direct contact.

When the radiographer is to enter the newborn nursery, he must do the following:

b. always scrub his hands for 3 minutes
c. always clean his equipment with a disinfectant solution

The radiographer entering the room of a patient with tuberculosis must wear the following:

b. an N95 respirator mask