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Campbell Mastering Biology Chapter 28 Questions

front 1

Why have protists been "mixed in" with plants, animals, and fungi under the hypothesis that groups eukaryotes into five supergroups?

back 1

-Many protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than they are to each other.
-Recent evidence makes it clear that the former kingdom Protista was paraphyletic.
(Both the first and third answers are correct)

front 2

The placement of all protists in one kingdom caused dissatisfaction among taxonomists mainly because _____.

back 2

various pieces of evidence indicate that the kingdom Protista cannot be monophyletic

front 3

Which of the following is one of the main weaknesses of the proposed classification scheme in which all eukaryotes are divided into five supergroups?

back 3

It shows all five supergroups diverging simultaneously from a common ancestor.

front 4

Organisms are classified as Excavata based on _____.

back 4

morphological studies of the cytoskeleton

front 5

Which example below is a characteristic shared by diplomonads and parabasalids?

back 5

Both lack plastids.

front 6

How do trypanosomes withstand the attack of a host's immune system?

back 6

The molecular composition of their surface changes continually.

front 7

Which of these groups includes photosynthetic unicellular organisms with flagella and contractile vacuoles?

back 7

euglenids

front 8

Although controversial, chromalveolates are proposed as a clade whose common ancestor _____.

back 8

engulfed a photosynthetic red algae in a secondary endosymbiosis event

front 9

Apicomplexans are currently assigned to the chromalveolates because _____.

back 9

the apicoplast, a modified plastid, appears to be of red algal origin

front 10

In many types of protist life cycles, the union of two gametes that results in a diploid zygote is called _____.

back 10

syngamy

front 11

What do a carnivorous dinoflagellate, a parasitic apicomplexan, and a ciliate have in common?

back 11

All three have sacs known as alveoli just beneath their plasma membranes.

front 12

Which organisms are capable of producing a "red tide"?

back 12

dinoflagellates

front 13

Which of these groups includes species that produce a substance that is toxic to humans?

back 13

dinoflagellates

front 14

Which of these groups includes parasitic unicellular organisms with a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues?

back 14

apicomplexans

front 15

Which of these groups is characterized by cells that have more than one nucleus?

back 15

ciliates

front 16

How do ciliates generate genetic variation?

back 16

conjugation

front 17

Which protists were once categorized as fungi due to their multinucleate filaments that resemble hyphae?

back 17

oomycetes

front 18

_____ is a protist that causes late blight of potatoes and was responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 19th century.

back 18

Phytophthora infestans

front 19

Which of these groups includes unicellular organisms that, due to the structure of their cell walls, can withstand pressures equal to the pressure under each leg of a table supporting an elephant?

back 19

diatoms

front 20

Which characteristic is shared by most diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae at least at some stage of their life cycles?

back 20

-All are autotrophs.
-They all have flagella with numerous fine, hairlike projections.
-All are stramenopiles.
-All of the listed responses are correct.
(all of them are correct)

front 21

The general term given to a plantlike body that lacks true stems, leaves, and roots and that shows little tissue differentiation is _____.

back 21

thallus

front 22

What is the purpose of the "floats" in some brown algae?

back 22

facilitating photosynthesis

front 23

Which of the following organisms is commercially harvested to extract algin from their cell walls?

back 23

brown algae

front 24

What role do diatoms play in the global carbon balance affecting global warming?

back 24

During a bloom, diatom populations may increase rapidly. If many diatoms die and sink to the bottom without being eaten, they effectively pump carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.

front 25

On some areas of the seafloor, one could observe an "ooze" that is hundreds of meters thick. What creates this ooze?

back 25

the tests of dead radiolarians

front 26

Many species of red algae are adapted to deeper water due to the fact that _____.

back 26

their photosynthetic pigments efficiently absorb blue and green light

front 27

The red algae are characterized by _____.

back 27

especially diverse life cycles

front 28

Which of the following groups of algae is/are most closely related to land plants?

back 28

green algae

front 29

In lab class, a plasmodial slime mold is used as a demonstration organism. One of the students does not understand why this organism is not considered multicellular. How would you explain it to her?

back 29

The plasmodium is undivided by membranes and contains many diploid nuclei; therefore, it is not technically multicellular.

front 30

To which supergroup do amoebas belong?

back 30

None of the listed responses is correct.

front 31

It is estimated that protists perform up to what percentage of the world's photosynthesis?

back 31

30%

front 32

Hypermastigotes are important endosymbionts that live in the guts of _____.

back 32

termites