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Excercise 7-3 Micro Lab: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

front 1

antibiotics

back 1

natural antimicrobial agents produced by microorganisms

front 2

antimicrobials or antimicrobics

back 2

all substances used to treat bacterial infections

front 3

Kirby Bauer test

back 3

also called the disk diffusion test, it measures the effectiveness of antimicrobics against pathogenic microorganisms

front 4

How does the Kirby Baur test work?

back 4

antimicrobic impregnated paper discs are placed that is inoculated to form a bacterial lawn. the plates are incubated and upon being taken out, if the organism is susceptible to the drug, it will form a zone of inhibition

front 5

zone of inhibition

back 5

clear zone around the disk where growth has been inhibited

front 6

bactericidal

back 6

drugs that kill the organism

front 7

bacteriostatic

back 7

drugs that stop growth but don't kill the microbe

front 8

What is the depth that Kirby Bauer agar is poured and why is it so important the depth?

back 8

4mm deep in either a 150mm or 100mm petri dish

depth is important of its effect on diffusion. thick agar slows lateral diffusion and thus produces smaller zones than plates held to the 4mm standard

front 9

What kind of agar is used in Kirby Bauer method?

back 9

Mueller Hinton agar with a pH of 7.2 to 7.4

front 10

In Kirby Bauer method, the broth is diluted to match the _____ turbidity in the McFarland standard before inoculating the plate

back 10

0.5

front 11

How long are the discs containing the antimicrobial agent incubated in the Kirby Bauer method?

back 11

16 to 18 hours at 2 degrees Celsius

front 12

antimicrobial susceptibility testing

back 12

used to measure the effectiveness of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents on pathogenic organisms

front 13

how does the antibiotic chloramphenicol work?

back 13

prevents peptide bond formation during translation

front 14

how does the antibiotic ciprofloxacin work?

back 14

interferes with DNA replication

front 15

how does the antibiotic trimethoprim work?

back 15

inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis

front 16

how does the antibiotic penicillin work?

back 16

inhibits cross linking of the cell wall's peptidoglycan

front 17

Bacterial resistance mechanisms to antibiotics can be broken down into three main types:

back 17

1. altered target such as antibiotic can no longer interact with cellular process

2. an alteration in how the drug is taken into the cell

3. enzymatic destruction of drug