front 1 The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.
| back 1 nephron |
front 2 List and describe three pressures operating at the filtration membrane, and explain how each influences net filtration pressure. | back 2 Glomerlar hydrostatic is the main force pushing water across the filtration membrane.Glmelar Osmotic pressure of the plama in the blood drive fluids back into thecappilaries. The third would be the Glumealar capsule also is with osmotic pushing substances into the capillaries. |
front 3 The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.
| back 3 transitional |
front 4 Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus?
| back 4 pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros |
front 5 The single most important blood buffer system is the bicarbonate buffer system.
| back 5 True |
front 6 Molecules that can act reversibly as acids or bases depending upon the pH of their environment are called ________. | back 6 amphoteric |
front 7 Afferent arteriole. | back 7 A |
front 8 Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
| back 8 nucleic acid |
front 9 What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
| back 9 atrial natriuretic peptide |
front 10 Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient.
| back 10 TRUE |
front 11 When does a person experience greater thirst, during periods when ADH release is elicited or during periods when aldosterone release is elicited? | back 11 ADH is released to tell the body there is not enough water and to conserve and hold onto it. It tell you are thirsty because you are dehydrated and need to drink water to replenish your body |
front 12 Aldosterone is secreted in response to low extracellular potassium.
| back 12 FALSE |
front 13 Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
| back 13 potassium |
front 14 Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need.
| back 14 FALSE |
front 15 Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasodilation and potassium and water retention.
| back 15 FALSE |
front 16 Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their ________.
| back 16 inefficient kidneys |
front 17 Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?
| back 17 amount of body fat |
front 18 The electrolyte deficiency condition where the individual may crave substances like clay, chalk, starch or burnt match tips is called ________. | back 18 PICA |
front 19 When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule.
| back 19 TRUE |
front 20 Which cells of the kidney are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?
| back 20 macula densa cells |
front 21 In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.
| back 21 TRUE |
front 22 The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.
| back 22 stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position |
front 23 An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________.
| back 23 slightly higher than water |
front 24 Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. | back 24 FALSE |
front 25 Cells that are most affected by ADH. | back 25 C |
front 26 Blood pressure in the renal glomerulus is lower than in most parts of the body in order to conserve body water.
| back 26 FALSE |
front 27 Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits sodium reabsorption.
| back 27 TRUE |
front 28 Having a kinked ureter is called renal ptosis.
| back 28 FALSE |
front 29 Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?
| back 29 a vasa recta |
front 30 Select the correct statement about urinary system development.
| back 30 Kidneys develop from urogenital ridges. |
front 31 In the ascending limb of the nephron loop the ________.
| back 31 thick segment moves ions out into interstitial spaces for reabsorption |
front 32 The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.
| back 32 FALSE |
front 33 The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.
| back 33 contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla |
front 34 Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.
| back 34 TRUE |
front 35 A disease caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland with symptoms of polyuria is ________.
| back 35 diabetes insipidus |
front 36 Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen. | back 36 Reabsorption depends on the presence of the antidiuretic hormone, with it the porins of the collecting tubule filter water with osmosis and increases as it goes down. So water is conserved and becomes concentrated…….it continues and is why it gets dehydrated trying to save water. |
front 37 The function of angiotensin II is to ________.
| back 37 constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure |
front 38 The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.
| back 38 plasma protein |
front 39 Which of the following does not describe the justaglomerular complex?
| back 39 Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone. |
front 40 The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
| back 40 FALSE |
front 41 Which of the choices below is the least important role of tubular secretion?
| back 41 ridding the body of bicarbonate ions |
front 42 If the GFR is too low, needed substances may pass so quickly through the renal tubules that they are not absorbed and instead are lost in the urine.
| back 42 FALSE |
front 43 Cells that are the most active in reabsorbing the filtrate. | back 43 E |
front 44 The act of emptying the bladder is called voiding.
| back 44 TRUE |
front 45 Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption. | back 45 obligatory |
front 46 Medulla of the kidney. | back 46 E |
front 47 Which of the following is not a part of the juxtaglomerular complex?
| back 47 podocyte cells |
front 48 Both the male and female urethras serve the urinary and the reproductive systems.
| back 48 FALSE |
front 49 ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the collecting duct. | back 49 aquaporins |
front 50 Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by ________.
| back 50 secondary active transport |
front 51 Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?
| back 51 angiotensin II and aldosterone |
front 52 The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.
| back 52 arcuate |
front 53 Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.
| back 53 FALSE |
front 54 Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?
| back 54 by secreting sodium ions |
front 55 Which of the following is the least important influence on reabsorption of a substance in the nephron?
| back 55 molecular complexity |
front 56 Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?
| back 56 electrolyte levels |
front 57 Explain what is meant by the terms cotransport process and transport maximum. | back 57 Cotransport means the active transport process of one solute, meaning against the concentration gradient. Transport maximum means the number of carriers in the renel tubes to a certain substance. |
front 58 The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________. | back 58 pyuria |
front 59 The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched. | back 59 myogenic |
front 60 Most electrolyte reabsorption by the renal tubules is ________.
| back 60 hormonally controlled in distal tubule segments |
front 61 The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.
| back 61 nephron loop |
front 62 Glomerulus. | back 62 C |
front 63 Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?
| back 63 ADH |
front 64 Urea is reabsorbed in the nephron loop.
| back 64 FALSE |
front 65 What would happen if the capsular hydrostatic pressure were increased above normal?
| back 65 Net filtration would decrease. |
front 66 The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is ________.
| back 66 glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure) |
front 67 Is composed of simple squamous epithelium. | back 67 A |
front 68 Proximal convoluted tubule. | back 68 Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs |
front 69 Glomerulus. | back 69 Site of filtrate formation. |
front 70 Peritubular capillaries. | back 70 Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. |
front 71 Collecting duct. | back 71 Site that drains distal convoluted tubule |
front 72 Identify three ways the small intestine is modified to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption. | back 72 Villi and microvilli are modifications of the small intestine for digestion and absorption.
|
front 73 Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
| back 73 synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins |
front 74 Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.
| back 74 TRUE |
front 75 How is digestive activity provoked after eating? What activates the secretion of digestive juices into the lumen or hormones into the blood? | back 75 Mecanoreceptors and chemorecptors that are in the walls of the gastrointsonal tract. Mecanoreptors and (barorecptors) respond to stretching from the food being added. The pH change and new concentrations are detected by chemoreceptors and aid in digestion. |
front 76 What stomach secretion is necessary for normal hemoglobin production in RBCs?
| back 76 intrinsic factor |
front 77 Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.
| back 77 FALSE |
front 78 If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the ________.
| back 78 serosa |
front 79 Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?
| back 79 lipase |
front 80 Cell type specialized to secrete mucus into the lumen of the intestinal tract. | back 80 D |
front 81 The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.
| back 81 TRUE |
front 82 The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________.
| back 82 epatopancreatic ampulla |
front 83 There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.
| back 83 before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought |
front 84 Smooth muscle layer. | back 84 C |
front 85 Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine. | back 85 E |
front 86 The solutes contained in saliva include ________.
| back 86 electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA |
front 87 The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
| back 87 TRUE |
front 88 Compare and contrast the structure and function of a premolar and a molar. | back 88 Pre-molars- have a broader crown and only one root.
|
front 89 The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the ________.
| back 89 submucosa |
front 90 Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
| back 90 Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth. |
front 91 The protective outermost layer of the esophagus is the ________. | back 91 adventitia |
front 92 In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.
| back 92 initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins |
front 93 The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.
| back 93 TRUE |
front 94 What are chylomicrons? | back 94 They are little fat drops, and have fatty acids and cholesterol. |
front 95 Structures that increase the absorptive area of the small intestine. | back 95 A |
front 96 The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.
| back 96 TRUE |
front 97 The law that applies to the amount of CO2 you could dissolve in a Pepsi is called ________ law. | back 97 Henry's |
front 98 The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.
| back 98 TRUE |
front 99 The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.
| back 99 alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes |
front 100 The partial pressure gradient for oxygen (in the body) is much steeper than that for carbon dioxide. Explain how equal amounts of these two gases can be exchanged (in a given time interval) in the lungs and at the tissues. | back 100 Having equal amounts of O2 and CO2 are exchanged in the lungs because CO2 is greater in the fluids like the plasma and alveolar fluid. |
front 101 Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport?
| back 101 attached to the heme part of hemoglobin |
front 102 Main (primary) bronchus. | back 102 D |
front 103 Residual volume. | back 103 D |
front 104 Strong emotions and pain acting through the limbic system activate sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus, thus modulating respiratory rate and depth by sending signals to the respiratory centers.
| back 104 TRUE |
front 105 The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________.
| back 105 Boyle's law |
front 106 Labored breathing is termed dyspnea.
| back 106 TRUE |
front 107 Terminal bronchioles are lined with ________ epithelium. | back 107 cuboidal |
front 108 Larynx. | back 108 B |
front 109 The main site of gas exchange is the ________.
| back 109 alveoli |
front 110 The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation
| back 110 TRUE |
front 111 If a baby is born at 28 weeks' gestation, what major problem will the doctors look for? | back 111 Aveolar cells are not developed, so there is a possibility that their lungs will collapse because they are not fully developed. They will have severe breathing problems. |
front 112 What is the chloride shift and why does it occur? | back 112 Ionic exchange, Cl move from plasma to RBCs to balance the charges. |
front 113 Air that does not participate in the exchange of gases. | back 113 D |
front 114 Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
| back 114 TRUE |
front 115 Increased temperature results in decreased O2 unloading from hemoglobin.
| back 115 FALSE |
front 116 Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?
| back 116 Kaposi's sarcoma |
front 117 Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors?
| back 117 the recoil of elastic fibers that were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid |
front 118 Which center is located in the pons?
| back 118 pontine respirator group (PRG) |
front 119 Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.
| back 119 interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid |
front 120 Smoking diminishes ciliary action and eventually destroys the cilia.
| back 120 TRUE |
front 121 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.
| back 121 diffusion |
front 122 The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play?
| back 122 B) They regulate the temperature of the testes. |
front 123 2) The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due to ________.
| back 123 B) peristaltic contractions |
front 124 3) The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
| back 124 D) the bulbospongiosus muscles |
front 125 4) The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.
| back 125 C) nondescent of the testes |
front 126 5) Which of the following glands are responsible for 60% of the synthesis of semen?
| back 126 A) the seminal vesicles |
front 127 6) Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins?
| back 127 C) GnRH |
front 128 7) Development of male reproductive structures depends on which of the following events?
| back 128 C) secretion of male hormones prenatally and lasting into the first few months after birth |
front 129 8) The primary function of the uterus is to ________.
| back 129 D) receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum |
front 130 9) Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
| back 130 A) because spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system |
front 131 10) The structures that receive the ovulated oocyte, providing a site for fertilization, are called the ________.
| back 131 B) fallopian tubes |
front 132 11) If gametes were diploid like somatic cells, how many chromosomes would the zygote contain?
| back 132 A) twice the diploid number, and with every succeeding generation, the chromosome number would continue to double and normal development could not occur |
front 133 12) Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
| back 133 C) they have the same number of chromosomes |
front 134 13) The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through ________.
| back 134 B) meiosis |
front 135 14) Fertilization generally occurs in the ________.
| back 135 D) fallopian tubes |
front 136 15) Spermiogenesis involves the ________.
| back 136 C) formation of a functional sperm by the stripping away of superfluous cytoplasm |
front 137 16) All of the following can be considered male secondary sex characteristics except the ________.
| back 137 C) development of testes as opposed to ovaries |
front 138 17) In humans, separation of the cells at the two-cell state following fertilization may lead to the production of twins, which in this case would be ________.
| back 138 B) identical |
front 139 18) Characteristics of the mature sperm include the ________.
| back 139 B) presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm |
front 140 19) How do the testes respond to exposure to excessive body warmth?
| back 140 B) They move away from the pelvic cavity. |
front 141 20) Effects of estrogen include ________.
| back 141 C) growth of the breasts at puberty |
front 142 21) Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
| back 142 B) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation |
front 143 22) Which of the following statements about sperm is not true?
| back 143 B) They are sluggish in an alkaline environment. |
front 144 23) The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________.
| back 144 D) interstitial cells |
front 145 24) The testicular cells that construct the blood-testis barrier are the ________.
| back 145 C) sustentacular cells |
front 146 25) Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
| back 146 C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced. |
front 147 26) Erection of the penis results from ________.
| back 147 D) a parasympathetic reflex |
front 148 27) Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female menstrual cycle?
| back 148 C) corpus luteum |
front 149 28) Which of the choices below is not a function of the vagina?
| back 149 A) serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte |
front 150 Select the correct statement about male sexual response.
| back 150 B) Erection is the result of vascular spaces in the erectile tissues filling with blood. |
front 151 Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
| back 151 D) stimulates mammary gland development |
front 152 Which male hormone inhibits the secretion of FSH?
| back 152 B) inhibin |
front 153 During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
| back 153 B) progesterone levels are at their highest |
front 154 Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle.
| back 154 D) If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo. |
front 155 Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary glands of both males and females?
| back 155 D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually part of the integumentary system. |
front 156 Which of the choices below is not a part of the brain-testicular axis?
| back 156 C) thalamus |
front 157 Normally menstruation occurs when ________.
| back 157 B) blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease |
front 158 The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________.
| back 158 C) in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell |
front 159 Occasionally three polar bodies are found clinging to the mature ovum. One came from an unequal division of the ovum, but from where did the other two arise?
| back 159 C) The first polar body has also divided to produce two polar bodies. |
front 160 Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
| back 160 B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase. |
front 161 Why doesn’t semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?
| back 161 C) The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes |
front 162 Spermatogenesis ________.
| back 162 B) involves a kind of cell division limited to the gametes |
front 163 Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
| back 163 A) LH |
front 164 The brain-testicular axis ________.
| back 164 B) involves FSH and LH release |
front 165 Select the correct statement about testosterone control.
| back 165 A) GnRH from the hypothalamus causes FSH and LH release from the anterior pituitary. |
front 166 Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes?
| back 166 B) The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary. |
front 167 Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.
| back 167 B) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release. |
front 168 Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?
| back 168 C) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated. |
front 169 Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true?
| back 169 D) Each spermatid forms two sperm |
front 170 A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, one would expect that he would ________.
| back 170 A) be sterile |
front 171 Which of the following statements about the female reproductive process is not true?
| back 171 C) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin. |
front 172 A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause ________.
| back 172 A) decreased testosterone secretion |
front 173 All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________.
| back 173 A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium |
front 174 Which of the following phases or processes in the monthly reproductive cycle of the female occur simultaneously?
| back 174 D) regression of the corpus luteum and a decrease in ovarian progesterone secretion |
front 175 The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________.
| back 175 D) corpus spongiosum |
front 176 An ovulating oocyte is actually activated by hormones about ________ days before ovulation.
| back 176 D) 110 |
front 177 Prostate cancer is _______.
| back 177 B) sometimes a slow-growing cancer that may never represent a threat to the patient |
front 178 Stem cell. | back 178 A |
front 179 First cells with n number of chromosomes. | back 179 D |
front 180 Type B spermatogonia. | back 180 B |
front 181 Early spermatids. | back 181 E |
front 182 Primary spermatocyte. | back 182 C |
front 183 Acrosome. | back 183 B |
front 184 Location of mitochondria. | back 184 A |
front 185 Midpiece. | back 185 A |
front 186 Location of nucleus. | back 186 C |
front 187 Area of compacted DNA. | back 187 C |
front 188 Flagellum. | back 188 D |
front 189 The stage called ovulation. | back 189 E |
front 190 Vesicular (Graafian) follicle. | back 190 C |
front 191 Primary follicles. | back 191 B |
front 192 Primordial follicle. | back 192 A |
front 193 Corpus luteum. | back 193 D |
front 194 Mature follicle. | back 194 C |
front 195 It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature.
| back 195 TRUE |
front 196 The prostate atrophies as a man ages, and it usually causes no health problems.
| back 196 FALSE |
front 197 The hormone oxytocin combines with enzymes in semen to enhance sperm motility.
| back 197 FALSE |
front 198 When a couple is having difficulty conceiving a child, it is necessary to investigate the sperm
| back 198 TRUE |
front 199 The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of
| back 199 FALSE |
front 200 Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs.
| back 200 FALSE |
front 201 Sexually transmitted infections are the most important cause of reproductive disorders.
| back 201 TRUE |
front 202 Reproduction is not possible in males or females until one year after puberty has begun.
| back 202 FALSE |
front 203 he smaller cell produced by oogenesis meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a
| back 203 TRUE |
front 204 Pain during ovulation is called dysmenorrhea.
| back 204 FALSE |
front 205 A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
| back 205 TRUE |
front 206 The Pap smear is a test to detect cancerous changes in cells of the cervix.
| back 206 TRUE |
front 207 The adenohypophyseal hormone that triggers ovulation is estrogen.
| back 207 FALSE |
front 208 The male urethra serves the urinary system only.
| back 208 FALSE |
front 209 Both tetrads and crossovers are seen during meiosis.
| back 209 TRUE |
front 210 Failure to attain erection is called impotence.
| back 210 TRUE |
front 211 Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle.
| back 211 FALSE |
front 212 The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only.
| back 212 FALSE |
front 213 Female orgasm is required for conception.
| back 213 FALSE |
front 214 The first sign of puberty in females is budding breasts.
| back 214 TRUE |
front 215 The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone.
| back 215 FALSE |
front 216 The stage in meiosis where chromosomal exchange takes place is telophase.
| back 216 FALSE |
front 217 The diamond-shaped area between the coccyx, pubic arch, and ischial tuberosities in the
| back 217 FALSE |
front 218 The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium.
| back 218 TRUE |
front 219 A scrotal muscle that contracts in response to cold environmental temperature is the
| back 219 TRUE |
front 220 The secretions of the bulbourethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and
| back 220 TRUE |
front 221 The zona pellucida is formed as the follicle becomes a secondary follicle.
| back 221 TRUE |
front 222 The molecule that enhances the ability of testosterone to promote spermatogenesis is inhibin.
| back 222 TRUE |
front 223 The ________ plexus of testicular veins assists in cooling the testis. | back 223 pampiniform |
front 224 Surgical cutting of the ductus deferens as a form of birth control is called a(n) ________. | back 224 vasectomy |
front 225 The erectile tissue around the urethra is the corpus ________. | back 225 spongiosum |
front 226 The midpiece of the sperm tail contains mostly ________. | back 226 mitochondria |
front 227 The ________ cells of the testis nourish the newly formed sperm cells. | back 227 sustentacular |
front 228 The suspensory ligament and mesovarium are part of the ________ ligament. | back 228 broad |
front 229 A follicle with only a small antrum in it would be classified as a(n) ________ follicle. | back 229 secondary |
front 230 The small opening of the uterus that sperm would first enter is called the ________. | back 230 external os |
front 231 The portion of the uterine endometrium that is not sloughed off every month is called the ________. | back 231 stratum basalis |
front 232 ________ is caused by Treponema pallidum. | back 232 Syphilis |
front 233 What are some risk factors for developing breast cancer? | back 233 Some of the risk factors for developing breast cancer are: (1) early onset of menses and late menopause; (2) first pregnancy late in life or no pregnancies at all; (3) familial history of breast cancer; (4) postmenopausal hormone replacement. |
front 234 What is the name given to the female homologue to the penis? | back 234 The female clitoris is homologous to the glans penis of the male. It is homologous in that it contains dorsal erectile columns and can become swollen with blood during tactile stimulation. |
front 235 Describe the composition and functional roles of semen. | back 235 Semen is a fluid mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands). The liquid provides a transport medium for nutrients and contains chemicals that protect the sperm and facilitate their movements. |
front 236 Explain the function of the myometrium and endometrium. | back 236 he myometrium plays an active role during childbirth when it contracts rhythmically to force the baby out of the mother's body. The endometrium is the innermost lining of the uterus where the embryo implants and stays for the rest of its development. |
front 237 What is the purpose of the male bulbourethral gland? | back 237 Because it releases its contents prior to ejaculation, its function is probably to neutralize the acids in the urethra. |
front 238 What is the physiological importance of the fact that the male testes descend to reside in the scrotal sac? | back 238 The male testes descend into the scrotal sac so that a fairly constant intrascrotal temperature is maintained. Failure of the testes to descend results in sterility, because production of viable spermatozoa requires a temperature several degrees lower than normal body temperature. |
front 239 Ovulation occurs when the oocyte is released into the peritoneal cavity. By what means does it usually enter the uterine tube? | back 239 Fimbriae, which drape over the ovary, become very active close to the time of ovulation and undulate to create currents in the peritoneal fluid. These currents usually carry the oocyte to the uterine tube, where it begins its journey toward the uterus. |
front 240 At what point is the sex of the embryo determined, and what determines it? | back 240 Genetic sex is determined at the instant the genes of a sperm combine with those of an ovum. The determining factor is the sex chromosomes each gamete contains. |
front 241 What are the three layers of the Uterine Wall? | back 241 Perimetrium, Myometrium, and Endometrium. |