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Radiographic Procedures I Chapter 10 1-70

front 1 For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally: the side closer to the IR the side farther from the IR	back 1 the side farther from the IR
front 2 Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed: pneumonia pneumoconiosis pleural effusion chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	back 2 pleural effusion
front 3 Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea? to the right to the left in front of the trachea behind the trachea	back 3 behind the trachea
front 4 For an AP portable chest on an older or hypersthenic male patient, which of the following should occur? The image receptor generally should be placed lengthwise. The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch. The CR should be centered to the mammillary (nipple) line. None of the above should occur.	back 4 The CR should be centered 3 inches (8 cm) below the jugular notch.

front 5 Examine the chest image below. What anatomy is labeled as letter A? apex of right lung apex of left lung costophrenic angle of right lung costophrenic angle of left lung	back 5 apex of left lung
front 6 An ambulatory patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of possible pneumonia. The patient complains of pain in the center of her chest. What positioning routine should be performed on this patient? PA and left lateral projections PA and right and left lateral projections PA and both decubitus projections AP and right lateral projections	back 6 PA and left lateral projections
front 7 What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung? lingula pleura pleural cavity costodiaphragmatic recess	back 7 pleura
front 8 Each lung is divided into specific segments called: lobes fissures pleura bronchopulmonary segments	back 8 lobes

front 9 The asthenic body type makes up approximately ____% of the population. 35 50 5 10	back 9 10
front 10 What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA? More radiation exposure to the lungs Distortion of the ribs AP projection requires more kV as compared with the PA projection Increased magnification of the heart	back 10 Increased magnification of the heart
front 11 What is the purpose of the 72-inch SID used for chest radiography? Allows more room for accurate patient positioning Reduces patient dose Minimizes magnification of the heart shadow Minimizes demonstration of the scapula in the lungs	back 11 Minimizes magnification of the heart shadow
front 12 What is the central-ray angle for a PA chest radiograph? 5 degrees caudad 5 degrees cephalad 5 to 7 degrees caudad perpendicular	back 12 perpendicular

front 13 Which of the following is best for demonstration of the apices of the lungs without bony superimposition? Upright, PA projection of the chest Upright, lateral projection of the chest AP axial projection, lordotic position of the chest Upright, PA oblique projection of the chest	back 13 AP axial projection, lordotic position of the chest
front 14 The radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions are: (1) oblique (2) lateral (3) AP/PA 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 14 2 and 3
front 15 Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest? less chance of body rotation patient's heart is closer to the IR there is greater magnification of the heart easier to visualize interlobar fissures	back 15 patient's heart is closer to the IR
front 16 Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy? low kVp high kVp short exposure time long exposure time	back 16 high kVp

front 17 Which of the following objects does NOT have to be removed or moved before a chest radiography? Necklace Bra T-shirt Glasses	back 17 Glasses
front 18 A patient comes to radiology for a routine chest study. On the PA projection, the radiologist sees a possible calcification near a rib, but she cannot tell whether the calcification is in the lung or on the rib. What additional projections would assist with the diagnosis? Apical lordotic Right lateral Inspiration/expiration PA Both lateral decubitus	back 18 Inspiration/expiration PA
front 19 Why must the technologist slightly angle the CR caudad for most AP projections of the chest? Elongates the carina Prevents overlap of the chin on the upper airway Separates the heart from the great vessels Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs	back 19 Prevents clavicles from obscuring apices of the lungs
front 20 The lungs are composed of a light, spongy, elastic substance called the: pleura bronchioles parenchyma serous membrane	back 20 parenchyma

front 21 Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on an AP or PA oblique projection of the lungs? (1) both lungs in their entirety (2) R and L primary bronchi (3) the trachea filled with air 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 21 1 and 3
front 22 The thoracic viscera consists of the: (1) lungs (2) mediastinum (3) diaphragm 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 22 1 and 2
front 23 Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove the majority of the scapulae from the lung fields? Roll shoulders forward. Depress shoulders. Elevate chin. None of the above is correct.	back 23 Roll shoulders forward.
front 24 Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest? 72-inch (183 cm) SID High-kV technique Patient in erect or decubitus position Using high mA and short exposure time	back 24 Patient in erect or decubitus position

front 25 How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography? 30 degrees 45 degrees 60 degrees 30 to 40 degrees	back 25 45 degrees
front 26 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the: alveoli alveolar duct bronchioles terminal bronchioles	back 26 alveoli
front 27 What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position? suspended respiration full inspiration full expiration slow, shallow breathing	back 27 full inspiration
front 28 What is the central-ray angulation for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest? 0 degrees 10 degrees caudad 15 to 20 degrees caudad for PA 15 to 20 degrees cephalad for AP	back 28 0 degrees

front 29 How many lobes are in the right lung? 3 4 2 1	back 29 3
front 30 Examine the chest image below. What anatomy is labeled as letter B? apex of right lung apex of left lung aortic arch thymus gland	back 30 aortic arch
front 31 The area between the two lungs is termed the: carina thorax mediastinum pleural space	back 31 mediastinum
front 32 A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed: bronchitis bronchotomy bronchiectasis chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	back 32 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

front 33 The costophrenic angle is a part of the: heart lungs diaphragm trachea	back 33 lungs
front 34 How many lobes are in the left lung? 3 4 2 1	back 34 2
front 35 When taking a PA projection of the chest, the correct SID is: 30 inches 40 inches 60 inches 72 inches	back 35 72 inches
front 36 What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique, LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series? 45 degrees 50 degrees 55 to 60 degrees 60 to 70 degrees	back 36 55 to 60 degrees

front 37 A patient enters the ED with a possible pneumothorax in the left lung. Because of trauma, the patient cannot stand or sit erect. Which of the following positions would best demonstrate this condition? AP supine Right lateral decubitus Left posterior oblique (LPO) and right posterior oblique (RPO) Left lateral decubitus	back 37 Right lateral decubitus
front 38 Which of the following will be observed on a supine AP chest radiograph? (1) clavicles projected higher (2) lung fields appear shorter (3) all 12 ribs are seen 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 38 1 and 2
front 39 Match the correct disease or condition with the descriptions of radiographic appearance. (Use each choice only once.) Lung displaced from chest wall and no lung markings visible on radiographPatchy infiltrate with increased radiodensityIncreased lung dimensions (barrel-chested)Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions and air-fluid levelsSevere cases appear as emphysemaSlight shadows in early stages, larger radiopaque masses in advanced stagesCollapse of all or part of lungInflammation of pleura (possible air/fluid levels)A contagious disease caused by airborne bacteriaCoughing up blood Pneumothorax Pneumonia Emphysema Pulmonary edema COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Malignant lung cancer Atelectasis Pleurisy Tuberculosis Hemoptysis Lung displaced from chest wall and no lung markings visible on radiograph Patchy infiltrate with increased radiodensity Increased lung dimensions (barrel-chested) Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions and air-fluid levels Severe cases appear as emphysema Slight shadows in early stages, larger radiopaque masses in advanced stages Collapse of all or part of lung Inflammation of pleura (possible air/fluid levels) A contagious disease caused by airborne bacteria Coughing up blood	back 39 no data
front 40 What are the proper patient instructions for the PA projection of the chest? Stop breathing after second deep inspiration Stop breathing after deep inspiration Stop breathing after expiration Slow, even breathing	back 40 Stop breathing after second deep inspiration

front 41 The right lung is about how much shorter than the left? 1/2 inch 1 inch 1/2 inches 2 inches	back 41 1 inch
front 42 If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, which side must the patient lie on? affected side unaffected side either side	back 42 affected side
front 43 What is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial border of the left lung? apex base hilum lingula	back 43 lingula
front 44 The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed: pneumonias pneumothorax pneumomediastinum pneumopericardium	back 44 pneumothorax

front 45 What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs? prone supine upright decubitus	back 45 upright
front 46 What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air? Epiglottis Larynx Pharynx Esophagus	back 46 Pharynx
front 47 A PA chest radiograph reveals that only seven ribs are seen above the diaphragm on a healthy adult. Which of the following suggestions would improve the inspiration of lungs? Use higher kV to penetrate the diaphragm. Perform chest position supine. Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first. Use a shorter exposure time.	back 47 Take exposure on the second inspiration rather than on first.
front 48 Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior? Larynx Esophagus Trachea Hyoid bone	back 48 Esophagus

front 49 The upper margin of the lungs is at the level of the: jugular notch. vertebra prominens. laryngeal prominence. sternal angle.	back 49 vertebra prominens.
front 50 If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices? 5 to 10 degrees caudad 5 to 10 degrees cephalad 15 to 20 degrees caudad 15 to 20 degrees cephalad	back 50 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
front 51 The respiratory system proper consists of the: (1) larynx (2) trachea and bronchi (3) both lungs 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 51 1, 2, and 3
front 52 Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a supine AP chest radiograph? at the level of the shoulders at the level of the clavicles 1 inch above the relaxed shoulders 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders	back 52 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

front 53 What is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices? inspiration expiration suspended expiration slow, shallow breathing	back 53 inspiration
front 54 Air or gas that escapes into the pleural cavity results in a condition known as: air bronchogram. pneumothorax. hemidiaphragm. hemothorax.	back 54 pneumothorax
front 55 The thymus gland is at its maximum size at: age 40. age 21. puberty. birth.	back 55 puberty
front 56 Which of the following would not be included in the mediastinum? (1) thymus (2) larynx (3) diaphragm 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 56 2 and 3

front 57 Which of the following technical factors is ideal for adult chest radiography? 100 kV, 200 mA, 1/20 sec, 60-inch (153 cm) source image receptor distance (SID) 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 sec, 72-inch (183 cm) SID 125 kV, 400 mA, 1/40 sec, 40-inch (102 cm) SID 120 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 sec, 60-inch (153 cm) SID	back 57 120 kV, 800 mA, 1/40 sec, 72-inch (183 cm) SID
front 58 What is the patient position for a lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position? seated standing prone supine	back 58 supine
front 59 Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland? in the mediastinum in the anterior neck behind the heart behind the manubrium	back 59 behind the manubrium
front 60 Which of the following are advantages of using an SID of 72 inches for chest radiography? (1) decreased magnification of the heart (2) sharper outlines of the delicate lung structures (3) greater penetration of the mediastinum 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3	back 60 1 and 2

front 61 How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph? 9 10 11 12	back 61 10
front 62 What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? The aortic arch The parietal membrane The visceral membrane The diaphragm	back 62 The diaphragm
front 63 What is the purpose of rotating the patient’s shoulders anteriorly for the PA projection of the chest? This motion rotates the scapulae out of the lungs This motion reduces magnification of the heart shadow This motion makes the position more comfortable for the patient This motion places the coronal plane parallel to the upright grid cabinet	back 63 This motion rotates the scapulae out of the lungs
front 64 The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung would be termed: pneumonia bronchitis viral pneumonia aspiration pneumonia	back 64 aspiration pneumonia

front 65 What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph? full inspiration—first breath full expiration—first breath full inspiration—second breath full expiration—second breath	back 65 full inspiration—second breath
front 66 Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart? 72-inch (183 cm) SID High-kV technique Performing study erect Using high mA and short exposure time	back 66 72-inch (183 cm) SID
front 67 The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered: to level of T4. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. at the vertebra prominens. at the xiphoid process.	back 67 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch
front 68 The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the: terminal bronchial tertiary bronchial secondary bronchial primary bronchial	back 68 terminal bronchial

front 69 The area identified in the figure above is the: hilum lingula mediastinum pulmonary veins	back 69 hilum
front 70 Which of following statements is NOT true? The right lung contains three lobes. The left bronchus is more horizontal than the right bronchus. The right bronchus is shorter than the left bronchus. The angle of divergence of the left bronchus is greater than that of the right bronchus.	back 70 The left bronchus is more horizontal than the right bronchus.