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Unit 1 Test

front 1

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), a diet that provides adequate energy and nutrients and reduces the risk of chronic disease is one that contains ________ to ________ percent kilocalories from carbohydrate.

back 1

45-65

front 2

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of standards created by experts from Canada and the United States for all of the following, except:

a. herbal supplements
b. energy
c. physical activity
d. nutrients

back 2

a. herbal supplements

front 3

When conducting research, a scientist will begin with a question or problem. Scientists then make an educated guess, also known as a/an ________ to systematically test.

back 3

hypothesis

front 4

One slice of bread with one tablespoon of peanut butter on it contains 16 grams carbohydrate, 7 grams protein, and 9 grams fat. What amount of energy (calories) can be derived from this food?

back 4

173 kcal
1g carb = 4 kcal
1g prot = 4 kcal
1g fat = 9 kcal
(1g ETOH= 7 kcal)

front 5

Which of the following statements regarding research is correct?

a. A double-blind research experiment is when subjects in either the control group or intervention group are unaware of which "group" they are assigned.
b. The control group within an experiment is the group that receives the intervention or substance being tested.
c. Randomization is a process used to ensure that the experimental and control groups are "equal". d. To prove a hypothesis, a study needs to have at least 500 participants.
e. Placebo is the name given to the intervention or substance that is beneficial in an experiment.

back 5

c. Randomization is a process used to ensure that the experimental and control groups are "equal".

front 6

Which of the following statements regarding correlations is incorrect?

a. Correlations demonstrate cause and effect relationships.
b. It is possible for a study to determine there is no correlation between variables.
c. A negative correlation is when both variables change in opposite directions.
d. A positive correlation does not necessarily reflect a desired outcome.
e. A positive correlation is when both variables change in the same direction.

back 6

a. Correlations demonstrate cause and effect relationships.

front 7

A consumer who purchases vegetables from local farmers to save the fuel and environmental costs of foods shipped from far way is making a food choice based on:

a. habit
b. social interactions
c. values
d. emotions
e. convenience

back 7

c. values

front 8

Which of the following is not a nutrient?

a. carbohydrates
b. water
c. alcohol
d. vitamins
e. protein

back 8

c. alcohol

front 9

Which of the following statements regarding using nutrient recommendations is incorrect?

a. Most nutrient goals are intended to be met through a diet composed of a variety of foods.
b. Estimates of adequate energy and nutrient intakes apply to healthy people.
c. Recommendations are minimum requirements and should be adjusted for each individual.
d. The RDA or AI can be used to set goals for individuals.
e. Trying to meet recommendations for every nutrient every day is unnecessary.

back 9

c. Recommendations are minimum requirements and should be adjusted for each individual.

front 10

Which of the following is not a part of a research article?
a. conclusions
b. results
c. methodology
d. abstract
e. replication

back 10

e. replication

front 11

Which of the following statements regarding risk factors is incorrect?

a. The most prominent risk factor contributing to death in the United States is diet.
b. A lack of risk factors does not guarantee freedom from developing the associated disease.
c. Risk factors tend to cluster.
d. The presence of a risk factor means the likelihood of developing the associated disease increases.

back 11

a. The most prominent risk factor contributing to death in the United States is diet.

front 12

Which nutrient is inorganic?

a. lipids
b. water
c. carbohydrates
d. proteins
e. vitamins

back 12

b. water

front 13

he symptoms of iron deficiency including weakness, fatigue, and headaches, can be classified as a/an ________ deficiency.

a. subclinical
b. overt
c. covert
d. primary
e. secondary

back 13

b. overt

front 14

The 16 minerals known to be essential in human nutrition are classified into which two categories?

a. major; trace
b. water-soluble; fat-soluble
c. soluble; insoluble
d. heavy; light
e. short-term; long-term

back 14

a. major; trace

front 15

Which of the following is not a credible source of nutrition information?

a. Health and Fitness magazine
b. Nutrition Reviews
c. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
d. Let's Move!
e. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

back 15

a. Health and Fitness magazine

front 16

Dietary intakes of Americans are different than 40 years ago in all of the following ways, except:

a. Fewer snacks are consumed throughout the day.
b. Larger portions are consumed.
c. More meals are eaten away from home.
d. We eat more energy-dense foods.

back 16

a. Fewer snacks are consumed throughout the day.

front 17

The leading cause of death in the United States is ________ .

a. stroke
b. diabetes mellitus
c. accidents
d. heart disease
e. cancer

back 17

d. heart disease

front 18

Which of the following is not an epidemiological study?

a. case-control studies
b. cross-sectional studies
c. clinical trials
d. cohort studies

back 18

c. clinical trials

front 19

Which of the following selections completes this statement correctly? The nutrient, ________ , provides ________ calories per gram.

a. carbohydrate; 7
b. alcohol; 8
c. vitamins; 4
d. minerals; 3
e. fat; 9

back 19

e. fat 9

front 20

Which of the following is not an example of a functional food?

a. margarine made with a plant sterol
b. fish sticks
c. tomatoes
d. orange juice with added calcium
e. oatmeal

back 20

b. fish sticks

front 21

The Healthy People program sets priorities and guides policies for the Nation every ________ years.

a. 10
b. 15
c. 13
d. 5
e. 7

back 21

a. 10

front 22

Which of the following health care professionals has an educational background of approximately 60 class hours in nutrition or food science; a year's clinical internship or equivalent; has passed a national examination administered by the American Dietetic Association (ADA); and is required to maintain up-to-date knowledge by participating in continuing education activities?

a. dietetic technician, registered
b. dietitian, registered
c. certified nutrition therapist
d. certified nutritional consultant
e. certified nutritionist

back 22

b. dietitian, registered

front 23

When consumed in excess of body needs, which nutrient is converted into storage compounds such as body fat?

a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. vitamins and proteins only
d. carbohydrates and proteins only
e. vitamins

back 23

d. carbohydrates and proteins only

front 24

All of the following are examples of what could be included in a nutrition assessment of an individual, except:

a. educational background and childhood immunization records
b. history of health status, socioeconomic status, drug use, and diet
c. visual inspection of hair, eyes, skin, posture, tongue, and fingernails
d. height and weight of the individual
e. samples of blood or urine

back 24

a. educational background and childhood immunization records

front 25

Vitamins are organic nutrients that do not provide energy. What two classifications are used to describe vitamins?

back 25

water-soluble and fat-soluble

front 26

Information from the national nutrition surveys can be used for a number of purposes. Which of the followings is not one of those purposes?

a. Monitoring of national health goals.
b. Guide decisions related to product development by food industry.
c. Establishment of public policy regarding nutrition education.
d. Establishment of research priorities.
e. Establishment of crop planting priorities among farmers.

back 26

e. Establishment of crop planting priorities among farmers.

front 27

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are made up of several different values. Which of the following statements is correct regarding these values?

a. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the amount recommended to meet the need of most healthy people.
b. An Adequate Intake (AI) level is set when the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cannot be determined.
c. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for each nutrient is the average amount that appears sufficient for 75% of the population.
d. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) is the minimum amount of a nutrient a person should consume.

back 27

a. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the amount recommended to meet the need of most healthy people.

front 28

Which nutrient occupies the greatest percentage of your body composition?

a. carbohydrates
b. protein
c. lipids (fat)
d. water
e. minerals

back 28

d. water

front 29

Which of the following nutrients contains the element of nitrogen?

a. minerals
b. lipids
c. vitamins
d. carbohydrate
e. protein

back 29

e. protein

front 30

What is the number one reason people choose the foods they eat?

a. convenience
b. habit
c. ethnic heritage or tradition
d. taste
e. cost

back 30

d. taste

front 31

2. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans include recommendations for all of the following, except:

a. weight management
b. emotion management as it relates to food
c. food safety
d. food consumption
e. physical activity

back 31

b. emotion management as it relates to food

front 32

2. Which of the following basic diet-planning principles is concerned with the diet providing sufficient energy and enough of all the nutrients to meet the needs of healthy people?

a. adequacy
b. nutrient density
c. balance
d. moderation
e. kcalorie (energy) control

back 32

a. adequacy

front 33

2. Which of the following is not required to be present on the Nutrition Facts panel?

a. iron
b. total fat
c. dietary fiber
d. vitamin D
e. sodium

back 33

d. vitamin D

front 34

2. Which of the following minerals is required by the FDA to be listed on a Nutrition Facts Panel?

a. phosphorus
b. iron
c. magnesium
d. potassium
e. zinc

back 34

b. iron

front 35

2. For ease in understanding serving size equivalents, visual representations, using everyday objects, have been readily used. Which of the following is an incorrect match between serving size equivalent and the everyday object?

a. ¼ cup dried fruit or nuts = a golf ball
b. 2 tablespoons peanut butter = a ping pong ball
c. ½ cup ice cream = a racquetball
d. 1 ounce cheese = a deck of cards
e. 4 small cookies = 4 poker chips

back 35

d. 1 ounce cheese = a deck of cards

front 36

2. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans helps a person know what to eat to stay healthy. Which of the following statements is incorrect with regards to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

a. A healthy diet stays within the daily energy needs for your recommended body weight.
b. A healthy diet emphasizes a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
c. A healthy diet includes lean meats, legumes, eggs, and nuts.
d. A healthy diet is low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, salt, and added sugars.
e. A healthy diet includes drinking alcohol in moderation.

back 36

e. A healthy diet includes drinking alcohol in moderation.

front 37

2. If you were shopping for a loaf of bread and wanted to consume the bread with the greatest amount of whole grains, which of the following phrases would you look for to ensure your success?

a. 100% wheat
b. whole wheat
c. enriched wheat bread
d. multi-grain
e. stone-ground

back 37

b. whole wheat

front 38

2. According to the USDA Food Guide, which of the following is a whole grain choice from the grains subgroup?

a. taco shells
b. granola
c. fried rice
d. cornbread
e. popcorn

back 38

e. popcorn

front 39

2. The oils subgroup of the USDA Food Guide is known to contribute which of the following to your diet:

a. vitamin E
b. kcalories
c. kcalories and vitamin D only
d. vitamin D and vitamin E only
e. kcalories and vitamin E only
f. vitamin D

back 39

e. kcalories and vitamin E only

front 40

2. When grocery shopping, you purchase a box of your favorite ready-to-eat breakfast cereal. You notice the package says "May reduce the risk of heart disease" in big letters across the front of the box. This statement is a ________ claim.

a. structure-function
b. consumer education
c. health
d. FDA claim
e. nutrient

back 40

c. health

front 41

2. If you wanted to find a food product that was a "good source of fiber", you would look for a product that contains ________ % Daily Value for fiber.

a. 30 or more
b. 20-25
c. 10-19
d. 2-9

back 41

c. 10-19

front 42

2. The difference between the kcalories needed to supply nutrients and those needed to maintain weight are known as the ________ .

a. negative kcalorie balance
b. alternative kcalories
c. discretionary kcalorie allowance
d. positive kcalorie balance
e. nutrient-dense kcalorie allowance

back 42

c. discretionary kcalorie allowance

front 43

2. Which of the following basic diet-planning principles is concerned with consuming enough, but not too much, of each type of food?

a. nutrient density
b. variety
c. balance
d. kcalorie (energy) control
e. moderation

back 43

c. balance

front 44

2. Which vitamin are vegans at particular risk for deficiency and must rely on fortified sources (such as soy milk or breakfast cereals) and supplements?

a. riboflavin
b. niacin
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin B12

back 44

d. vitamin B12

front 45

2. Which of the following statements is false regarding exchange lists?

a. Due to the sorting strategy of exchange lists, cheeses are grouped with meats.
b. Exchange lists provide help in achieving kcalorie control and moderation.
c. Exchange lists were originally developed to assist with meal planning for diabetics.
d. Exchange lists sort foods primarily by their vitamin and mineral contents.

back 45

d. Exchange lists sort foods primarily by their vitamin and mineral contents.

front 46

2. Which of the following is a nutrient that may be insufficient in a vegetarian diet?

a. fiber
b. carbohydrates
c. iron
d. vitamin A
e. vitamin E

back 46

c. iron

front 47

2. According to the USDA Food Guide, all of the following constitutes a one-ounce protein equivalent, except:

a. ¼ cup cooked tofu
b. 1 tablespoon peanut butter
c. 1 egg
d. 1 cup kidney beans
e. ½ ounce almonds

back 47

d. 1 cup kidney beans

front 48

2. The USDA Food Guide assigns foods to five major subgroups and recommends daily amounts of food from each group. Which of the following is not a vegetable subgroup?

a. dark green vegetables such as broccoli, arugula, and romaine lettuce
b. legumes such as black beans, garbanzo beans, and slit peas
c. starchy vegetables such as corn, green peas, and potatoes
d. orange and deep yellow vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes
e. dark blue or purple vegetables such as eggplant, beets, and purple onions

back 48

e. dark blue or purple vegetables such as eggplant, beets, and purple onions

front 49

2. When shopping in the meat department, choose fish, poultry, and lean cuts of beef and pork named ________ .

a. choice
b. prime
c. round
d. ground

back 49

c. round

front 50

2. Good vegetarian sources of iron include all of the following, except:

a. whole grains
b. raisins
c. yogurt
d. black-eyed peas
e. spinach

back 50

c. yogurt

front 51

2. Many times nutrients are added to food products through processing resulting in either a fortified or enriched product. Which of the following is the most highly fortified food on the market?

a. sandwich breads
b. orange and other juices
c. ready-to-eat breakfast cereals
d. pasta sauces
e. pastas and tortillas

back 51

c. ready-to-eat breakfast cereals

front 52

2. A vegetarian who chooses to include milk, milk products, and eggs in their diet is referred to as a/an ________ .

a. vegan
b. lactovegetarian
c. lacto-ovo-vegetarian
d. total vegetarian
e. omnivore

back 52

c. lacto-ovo-vegetarian

front 53

2. The statements of "Keep food safe", "Select nutrient-dense foods and beverages", and "Look for foods that describe their vitamin and mineral contents as good source or high", correspond with which Dietary Guidelines?

a. foods and nutrients to increase
b. foods and food components to reduce
c. building healthy eating patterns
d. balancing kclaories to manage weight

back 53

c. building healthy eating patterns

front 54

2. All of the following diseases may be positively impacted by a primarily plant-based diet (i.e., meat free), except:

a. heart disease
b. diabetes
c. osteoporosis
d. rheumatoid arthritis
e. asthma

back 54

e. asthma

front 55

2. Which of the following is not considered a starchy vegetable?

a. lima beans
b. potatoes
c. black beans
d. corn

back 55

c. black beans

front 56

2. In comparing the actual intakes to the recommended intakes for the food groups identified in the USDA Daily Food Guide and MyPlate, which of the following groups do Americans consume adequate amounts of as recommended by these two food guides?

a. protein foods
b. whole grains
c. fruits
d. milk products
e. vegetables

back 56

a. protein foods

front 57

2. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend reducing all of the following in one's diet, except:

a. refined grain products
b. salt
c. added sugars
d. cholesterol
e. monounsaturated fats

back 57

e. monounsaturated fats

front 58

2. Many foods contain food labels while others do not. Which of the following foods need to have a food label?

a. spices
b. those prepared and sold in the same establishment
c. coffee or tea spices
d. those produced by small businesses
e. menu items at restaurants with 20 or more locations

back 58

e. menu items at restaurants with 20 or more locations

front 59

2. Which of the following statements is false regarding Daily Values (DVs)?

a. DVs reflect recommendations for nutrients that have important relationships with health.
b. DVs compare key nutrients in a serving with the goals of a person consuming 2500 kcalories per day.
c. The "% Daily Value" column on a food label estimates how an individual food contributes to the total diet.
d. DVs help consumers see easily whether a food contributes "a little" or "a lot" of a nutrient.
e. DVs make it easy to compare foods.

back 59

b. DVs compare key nutrients in a serving with the goals of a person consuming 2500 kcalories per day.

front 60

2. Which two subgroups of the USDA Food Guide do legumes belong?

a. grains and protein
b. fruits and vegetables
c. fruit and grains
d. vegetables and protein
e. grains and vegetables

back 60

d. vegetables and protein

front 61

3. The flavor savory is associated with:

a. cinnamon
b. monosodium glutamate
c. tarragon
d. salt and pepper
e. trans fat

back 61

b. monosodium glutamate

front 62

3. Which statement regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is incorrect?

a. The exact cause of IBS is not known.
b. avoiding foods that aggravate symptoms, dietary fiber, and peppermint oil are all recommended treatments for IBS.
c. Consuming large meals at regular intervals during the day may be an effective treatment in preventing IBS symptoms.
d. Symptoms of IBS include gas, bloating, diarrhea and/or constipation.

back 62

c. Consuming large meals at regular intervals during the day may be an effective treatment in preventing IBS symptoms.

front 63

3. The body's constant effort to bring itself back to normal is known as the principle of ________ .

homeostasis

back 63

homeostasis

front 64

3. Heartburn can be caused by which of the following conditions?

a. all of these choices
b. eating too much food
c. smoking
d. wearing tight clothing

back 64

a. all of these choices

front 65

3. Which of the following causes ulcers?

a. bacterial infections
b. spicy foods
c. stress
d. excessive soda consumption

back 65

a. bacterial infections

front 66

3. Which GI tract hormone is secreted from the stomach wall in response to the presence of food in the stomach and resulting in hydrochloric acid being secreted into the stomach?

a. bile
b. zymogen
c. secretin
d. cholecystokinin
e. gastrin

back 66

e. gastrin

front 67

3. The routing of blood for the digestive system has a special feature. Which of the following is the correct path of blood flow for the digestive system taking into account the special feature?

a. heart to arteries to capillaries to hepatic vein to capillaries to hepatic portal vein to heart
b. heart to veins to capillaries to arteries to capillaries to hepatic vein to heart
c. heart to arteries to capillaries to veins to heart
d. heart to arteries to capillaries to hepatic portal vein to capillaries to hepatic vein to heart
e. heart to veins to capillaries to arteries to heart

back 67

d. heart to arteries to capillaries to hepatic portal vein to capillaries to hepatic vein to heart

front 68

3. Where does chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin in the GI tract?

a. small intestine
b. mouth
c. stomach
d. rectum
e. large intestine

back 68

b. mouth

front 69

3. After a mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed, it is called a/an ________ .

a. salivary mass
b. unami
c. chyme
d. bolus

back 69

d. bolus

front 70

3. Which of the following characteristics of your daily meals should be of greatest importance when considering that some food constituents interfere with nutrient absorption?

a. moderation
b. adequacy
c. balance
d. variety

back 70

d. variety

front 71

3. Which digestive secretion serves to emulsify fat so that enzymes can have access to break down the fat?

back 71

d. bile

front 72

3. In which GI tract organs does the most absorption take place?

back 72

small intestines

front 73

3. Which of the following types of nutrient absorption requires energy and occurs when nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) move against a concentration gradient?

a. endocytosis
b. facilitated diffusion
c. simple diffusion
d. active transport

back 73

d. active transport

front 74

3. Which of the following foods is a common culprit for choking?

a. popcorn
b. hot dogs
c. all of these choices
d. peanut butter
e. raw carrots

back 74

c. all

front 75

3. All of the following organs contribute secretions for the breakdown of food into nutrients, except:

a. pancreas
b. salivary glands
c. liver
d. large intestine
e. stomach

back 75

d. large intestine

front 76

3. Gastric juice has a pH level most similar to which of the following fluids?

a. lemon juice
b. urine
c. coffee
d. household ammonia
e. vinegar

back 76

a. lemon juice

front 77

3. Where does digestion begin?

back 77

the mouth

front 78

3. Which digestive organ is responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the diet?

back 78

large intestines

front 79

3. What is the correct order for the gastrointestinal tract?

back 79

mouth; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine; rectum; anus

front 80

3. Which of following is not a role of GI tract bacteria?

a. Regulation of blood pressure.
b. Production of vitamins.
c. Production of short fat segments for colon cells to use for energy.
d. Protect GI tract from infectious bacteria launching an attack on the system.

back 80

a. Regulation of blood pressure.

front 81

3. Which of the following is not one of the four basic taste sensations?

a. savory
b. salty
c. bitter
d. sour
e. sweet

back 81

a. savory

front 82

3. Which of the following sphincters is responsible for preventing reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus?

a. ileocecal valve
b. pyloric sphincter
c. dual anal sphincters
d. cardiac sphincter
e. upper esophageal sphincter

back 82

d. cardiac sphincter

front 83

3. The potential GI health benefits of probiotics include helping to alleviate all of the following, except:

a. constipation
b. allergies
c. asthma
d. diarrhea
e. ulcers

back 83

c. asthma

front 84

3. ________ are living microorganisms that change the conditions and native bacterial colonies in the GI tract in ways that seem to benefit health.

back 84

probiotics

front 85

3. Which of the following statements regarding nutrient transport is false?

a. Chylomicrons move through the lymph and later enter the bloodstream at a point near the heart.
b. Larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are assembled with proteins to form chylomicrons which are released into the lymphatic system.
c. Water-soluble nutrients and smaller products of fat digestion are released into the bloodstream from the villus for transport.
d. Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine, whether released into the bloodstream or the lymph, pass through the liver first before distribution to the rest of the body.

back 85

d. Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine, whether released into the bloodstream or the lymph, pass through the liver first before distribution to the rest of the body.

front 86

3. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the small intestine that occurs in response to foods that contain ________ .

back 86

gluten

front 87

3. Which sphincter allows passage from the stomach to small intestine?

back 87

pyloric sphinchter

front 88

3. Peristalsis and sphincter muscles along the GI tract help keep things moving along. Which of the following factors can influence GI tract contractions?

a. medications
b. all of these choices
c. medical conditions
d. stress

back 88

b. all of these

front 89

3. Which organ of the GI tract has the strongest muscles?

back 89

the stomach

front 90

3. The ________ is/are the body's major metabolic organ(s).

back 90

liver