front 1 acromioclavicular joint (AC) | back 1 the joint found in the shoulder that connects the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula |
front 2 anisotropy | back 2 the quality of comprising varying values of a given property when measured in different directions |
front 3 aponeurosis | back 3 bandlike flat tendons connecting muscle to bone |
front 4 Baker’s cyst | back 4 synovial fluid collection in the posterior fossa |
front 5 bursa | back 5 a saclike structure containing thick fluid that surrounds areas subject to friction, such as the interface between bone and tendon |
front 6 cartilage interface sign | back 6 echogenic line on the anterior surface of the cartilage surrounding the humeral head |
front 7 clapper-in-the-bell sign | back 7 hypoechoic hematoma found at the end of a completely retracted muscle fragment |
front 8 comet tail artifact (ring-down) | back 8 posterior linear equidistant artifact created when sound reverberates between two strong reflectors, such as air bubbles, metal, and glass |
front 9 dorsiflexion | back 9 upward movement of the hand or foot |
front 10 epineurium | back 10 the covering of a nerve that consists of connective tissue |
front 11 fasciculi | back 11 term describing a small bundle of muscles, nerves, and tendons |
front 12 Guyon’s canal or tunnel | back 12 a fibrous tunnel that contains the ulnar artery and vein, ulnar nerve, and some fatty tissue |
front 13 ligament | back 13 fibrous band of tissue connecting bone or cartilage to bone that aids in stabilizing a joint |
front 14 muscle | back 14 a type of tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that affects movement of an organ or part of the body |
front 15 myelin | back 15 substance forming the sheath of Schwann cells |
front 16 naked tuberosity sign | back 16 the deltoid muscle is on the humeral head; seen with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff |
front 17 nerve | back 17 conduit for impulses sent to and from the muscles and the central nervous system (CNS) |
front 18 pennate | back 18 feather-like pattern of muscle growth |
front 19 perineurium | back 19 the connective tissue that surrounds muscle |
front 20 Phalen’s sign (Phalen’s test, Phalen’s maneuver, or Phalen’s position) | back 20 an increase in wrist compression due to hyperflexion of the wrist for 60 seconds; this test is done with the patient holding the forearms upright and pressing the ventral sides of the hands together |
front 21 plantar flexion | back 21 pointing of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot |
front 22 refractile shadowing (edge artifact) | back 22 bending of the sound beam at the edge of a circular structure, resulting in the absence of posterior echoes |
front 23 seroma | back 23 accumulation of serous fluid within tissue |
front 24 synovial sheath | back 24 membrane surrounding a joint, tendon, or bursa that secretes a viscous fluid called synovia |
front 25 tendinitis (tendinopathy, tendinosis, or tenosynovitis) | back 25 inflammation of a tendon |
front 26 tendon | back 26 fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone |
front 27 Thompson’s test | back 27 a test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon that involves plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf |
front 28 Tinel’s sign (Hoffmann-Tinel sign, Tinel’s symptom, or Tinel-Hoffmann sign) | back 28 pins-and-needles–type tingling felt distal to a percussion site. Sensation can be abnormal or can be a normal occurrence (i.e., hitting the elbow creates a tingling in the distal arm) |
front 29 volar | back 29 the anterior portion of the body when in anatomic position |