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29 notecards = 8 pages (4 cards per page)

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Chapter 24: The Musculoskeletal System

front 1

acromioclavicular joint (AC)

back 1

the joint found in the shoulder that connects the clavicle to the acromion process of the scapula

front 2

anisotropy

back 2

the quality of comprising varying values of a given property when measured in different directions

front 3

aponeurosis

back 3

bandlike flat tendons connecting muscle to bone

front 4

Baker’s cyst

back 4

synovial fluid collection in the posterior fossa

front 5

bursa

back 5

a saclike structure containing thick fluid that surrounds areas subject to friction, such as the interface between bone and tendon

front 6

cartilage interface sign

back 6

echogenic line on the anterior surface of the cartilage surrounding the humeral head

front 7

clapper-in-the-bell sign

back 7

hypoechoic hematoma found at the end of a completely retracted muscle fragment

front 8

comet tail artifact (ring-down)

back 8

posterior linear equidistant artifact created when sound reverberates between two strong reflectors, such as air bubbles, metal, and glass

front 9

dorsiflexion

back 9

upward movement of the hand or foot

front 10

epineurium

back 10

the covering of a nerve that consists of connective tissue

front 11

fasciculi

back 11

term describing a small bundle of muscles, nerves, and tendons

front 12

Guyon’s canal or tunnel

back 12

a fibrous tunnel that contains the ulnar artery and vein, ulnar nerve, and some fatty tissue

front 13

ligament

back 13

fibrous band of tissue connecting bone or cartilage to bone that aids in stabilizing a joint

front 14

muscle

back 14

a type of tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that affects movement of an organ or part of the body

front 15

myelin

back 15

substance forming the sheath of Schwann cells

front 16

naked tuberosity sign

back 16

the deltoid muscle is on the humeral head; seen with a full-thickness tear of the rotator cuff

front 17

nerve

back 17

conduit for impulses sent to and from the muscles and the central nervous system (CNS)

front 18

pennate

back 18

feather-like pattern of muscle growth

front 19

perineurium

back 19

the connective tissue that surrounds muscle

front 20

Phalen’s sign (Phalen’s test, Phalen’s maneuver, or Phalen’s position)

back 20

an increase in wrist compression due to hyperflexion of the wrist for 60 seconds; this test is done with the patient holding the forearms upright and pressing the ventral sides of the hands together

front 21

plantar flexion

back 21

pointing of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot

front 22

refractile shadowing (edge artifact)

back 22

bending of the sound beam at the edge of a circular structure, resulting in the absence of posterior echoes

front 23

seroma

back 23

accumulation of serous fluid within tissue

front 24

synovial sheath

back 24

membrane surrounding a joint, tendon, or bursa that secretes a viscous fluid called synovia

front 25

tendinitis (tendinopathy, tendinosis, or tenosynovitis)

back 25

inflammation of a tendon

front 26

tendon

back 26

fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone

front 27

Thompson’s test

back 27

a test used to evaluate the integrity of the Achilles tendon that involves plantar flexion with squeezing of the calf

front 28

Tinel’s sign (Hoffmann-Tinel sign, Tinel’s symptom, or Tinel-Hoffmann sign)

back 28

pins-and-needles–type tingling felt distal to a percussion site. Sensation can be abnormal or can be a normal occurrence (i.e., hitting the elbow creates a tingling in the distal arm)

front 29

volar

back 29

the anterior portion of the body when in anatomic position