front 1 "A 65-year-old female is admitted to hospital with a pathologic, compound, oblique fracture of the femur. Which of the following statements best describes this type of fracture?" | back 1 The fracture line is diagonal to the shaft of the bone. |
front 2 "A six-year-old male presents with fever, pain, swelling and warmth. Tests reveal osteomyelitis and development of an involucrum. Treatment should include:" | back 2 surgical debridement and antibiotics; |
front 3 A 51-year-old male experiences severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms? | back 3 Trauma, drugs or alcohol. |
front 4 Which of the following hospital patients is at the highest risk for developing myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis)? | back 4 Admitted to the hospital for hip surgery and has had problems with anaesthesia in the past. |
front 5 Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterised by: | back 5 "diffuse pain, fatigue and point tenderness;" |
front 6 An isolated muscle is believed to be a type 1 fibre. Which of the following should be observed upon stimulation? | back 6 Slow contraction speed. |
front 7 An isolated muscle is believed to be a type 2 fibre. Which of the following should be observed upon stimulation? | back 7 Fast contraction speed. |
front 8 A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the: | back 8 synovial membrane; |
front 9 Which of the following structures is the contractile unit of a muscle cell? | back 9 Myofibril |
front 10 The elbow joint is an example of: | back 10 diarthrosis |
front 11 Diarthroses | back 11 freely moveable joint |
front 12 Synarthroses | back 12 immovable joint |
front 13 Amphiarthroses | back 13 Slightly moveable joint |
front 14 Which of these structures are not present in compact bone? | back 14 Trabeculae |
front 15 "The internal structure of bone is maintained by remodelling, a three-phase process in which existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down to replace it. Resorption is carried out by bone cells called:" | back 15 osetoclasts |
front 16 "The internal structure of bone is maintained by remodelling, a three-phase process in which existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down to replace it. Bone building is carried out by bone cells called:" | back 16 osteoblasts |
front 17 A 70-year-old female presents with a hip fracture. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. One factor that most likely contributed to her condition is: | back 17 decreased oestrogen levels. |
front 18 A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. Which of the following joints would be most affected? | back 18 Vertebral and sacroiliac |
front 19 A patient will begin taking hydroxychloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis. The patient is currently taking high-dose NSAIDs and methotrexate. What will the nurse teach the patient? | back 19 That an eye exam is necessary at the beginning of therapy with this drug. |
front 20 A patient with gout who has increasingly frequent acute gouty attacks will begin receiving allopurinol and colchicine. The nurse will include which statement when teaching the patient about this drug regimen? | back 20 You will take both drugs initially and then stop taking the colchicine. |
front 21 "Although _____ is similar to osteomalacia, it occurs in growing bones of children." | back 21 Rickets |
front 22 A 36-year-old male complains of pain and weakness in the elbow. He reports that he is a warehouse worker and lifts boxes daily. MRI reveals inflammation of the tendon where it attaches to bone. This condition is called: | back 22 epicondylitis. |
front 23 A patient who has developed postmenopausal osteoporosis will begin taking alendronate. The nurse will teach this patient to take the drug: | back 23 while sitting upright with plenty of water; |
front 24 The major effect of aging on the skeletal system is | back 24 loss of bone mass. |
front 25 With normal weight bearing what type of fracture can occur in an abnormal bone. | back 25 Insufficiency fracture. |
front 26 Myoglobinuria (rhabdomyelosis) can be a serious life threatening complication of | back 26 severe muscle trauma. |
front 27 Fibromyalgia is | back 27 a chronic musculoskeltal syndrome characterised by diffuse pain and tender points. |
front 28 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is | back 28 one of the most common osteochondroses. |
front 29 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is characterised by | back 29 epiphyseal necrosis or degeneration of the head of the femur. |
front 30 Muscle fibres contain | back 30 bundles of myofibrils |
front 31 Myofibrils are arranged in | back 31 parallel along the longnitudinal axis of the muscle fibre. |
front 32 Osteomalacia is | back 32 a metabolic bone disease. |
front 33 Osteomalacia is characterised by | back 33 inadequate bone mineralisation. |
front 34 Osteoarthritis is a common aged related disorder of | back 34 the synovial joints. |
front 35 Osteoarthritis primary defect is a | back 35 loss of articular cartilage. |
front 36 Rheumatoid arthritis is | back 36 an inflammatory joint disorder (Auto immune disease). |
front 37 Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by the destruction of | back 37 synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint capsule, ligaments and tendons. |
front 38 Bisphophonates undergo incorporation into bone by | back 38 inhibiting bone resorption by decreasing osteoclast activity. |
front 39 Rhabdomyolysis is | back 39 where damaged muscle fibers break down and release myoglobin. |
front 40 The most dangerous electrolyte imbalance associated with rhabdomyolysis is | back 40 hyperkalemia |
front 41 The classic clinical manisfestation of rhabdomyolysis is | back 41 profound muscle weakness with pain |
front 42 The key characteristic of excessive myoglobin is | back 42 dark, reddish brown urine. |
front 43 Treatment for rhabdomyolysis is | back 43 IV crystalloid solutions |
front 44 Sodium bicarbonate affects rhabdomyolysis by | back 44 rendering myoglobin insoluble. |
front 45 Compartment syndrome is | back 45 an increase in compartment contents or compression of the compartment increases the pressure. |
front 46 The most common area that compartment syndrome is found | back 46 lower legs |
front 47 Most common cause of compartment syndrome is | back 47 extremity fracture. |
front 48 What is FES | back 48 Fat embolism syndrome |
front 49 Fat embolism syndrome is | back 49 due to a long bone fracture where a drop of fat has traveled to lungs or other organs following fracture. |
front 50 Osteoporosis | back 50 is where there is more bone absorbed by the body than what is being formed. Higher risk in women as menopause accelerates bone loss. |
front 51 Risk factors for osteoporosis | back 51 insufficient calcium intake lack of weight bearing exercise smoking alcohol post menopausal female low body weight and short in stature. too much phosphate use of glucocorticoids and not enough sun exposure. |
front 52 Drug of choise for osteoporosis | back 52 alendronate 5 mg once daily |
front 53 Strain | back 53 tear or injury to the tendon |
front 54 Sprain | back 54 tear or injury to the ligament |
front 55 Avulsion | back 55 Complete separation of a tendon or ligament from its bony attachment site. |
front 56 Tendon attaches | back 56 bone to muscle |
front 57 Ligament attaches | back 57 bone to bone |
front 58 Tendinitis | back 58 inflammation of the tendon |
front 59 Tendinosis | back 59 painful degradation of the collagen fibres |
front 60 Bursitis | back 60 Inflammation of the bursa |
front 61 Epicondylitis | back 61 inflammation of a tendon where it attaches to the bone |
front 62 Teriparatide | back 62 drug that increases bone formation |
front 63 Oligoarthritis | back 63 less than three joints affected |
front 64 Polyarthritis | back 64 5 or more joints affected |
front 65 Stills disease | back 65 has a severe systemic onset |
front 66 What are the distinct modes of onset for juvenile arthritis? | back 66 Oligoarthritis Polyarthritis Stills disease |
front 67 NSAIDs | back 67 Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs |
front 68 DMARDS | back 68 disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine) |
front 69 Glucocorticoids | back 69 adrenal corticosteroids |
front 70 Ankylosing spondylitis | back 70 chronic inflammatory joint disease characterised by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints. |
front 71 Methotrexate | back 71 DMARD takes 3 - 6 week to take effect can be hepatotoxic, taken once a week. |
front 72 Sulfasalazine | back 72 Anti inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions, slows progression of joint deterioration and has GI side effects. |
front 73 Allopurinol | back 73 reduces uric acid production (inhibits uric acid formation) |
front 74 Probenecid | back 74 increases uric acid excretion |
front 75 Colchicine | back 75 anti inflammatory properties does not reduce uric acid formation or excretion. |
front 76 Muscular dystrophies | back 76 Group of disorders that cause degeneration of skeletal muscle fibres. |
front 77 Duchennes muscular dystrophy | back 77 most common caused by mutation in the gene located on the short arm of the x chromosome. progressive appears by approximately 3 years of age. no cure |