front 1 No exchange of gases occurs here. | back 1 Segmental bronchi |
front 2 Secrete a fluid containing surfactant. | back 2 Type Il cells |
front 3 Where the respiratory zone of the lungs begins. | back 3 Respiratory bronchioles |
front 4 Composed of simple squamous epithelium. | back 4 type l cells |
front 5 Terminates in alveoli. | back 5 Alveolar duct |
front 6 Composed of cuboidal cells. | back 6 Type Il cells |
front 7 The respiratory membrane is composed of fused basement membrane of the capillary walls and ________. | back 7 type l cells |
front 8 TV + IRV + ERV + RV | back 8 total lung capacity |
front 9 ERV + RV | back 9 Functional residual capacity |
front 10 TV + IRV + ERV | back 10 vital capacity |
front 11 TV + IRV | back 11 inspiratory capacity |
front 12 The main site of gas exchange is the ________. | back 12 aveoli |
front 13 The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________. | back 13 Force with which air brushes across the vocal folds |
front 14 The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________. | back 14 secrete surfactant |
front 15 Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. | back 15 greater than the preassure in the atmosphere |
front 16 Unlike inspiration, expiration is a passive act because no muscular contractions are involved. Expiration, however, depends on two factors. Which of the choices below lists those two factors? | back 16 the recoil of elastic fibersthat were stretched during inspiration and the inward pull of surface tension due to the film of alveolar fluid |
front 17 Which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? | back 17 C-shaped cartilage rings |
front 18 Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________. | back 18 pressure with in the veoli of the lungs |
front 19 The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. | back 19 Boyle's law |
front 20 The statement, "in a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of gases in the mixture" paraphrases ________. | back 20 Dalton's law |
front 21 Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________. | back 21 interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, ther by reducing the surace tension of aveolar fluid |
front 22 For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________. | back 22 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick |
front 23 With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________. | back 23 decrease in PH(acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond |
front 24 The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________. | back 24 increase of carbone dioxide |
front 25 The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. | back 25 ventilation-perfucion coupling |
front 26 ) In the plasma, the quantity of oxygen in solution is ________. | back 26 only about 1.5% of the oxygen carried in the blood |
front 27 Which of the following statements is incorrect? | back 27 respiratory rate is lowest in newborn infants |
front 28 Which of the choices below describes the forces that act to pull the lungs away from the thorax wall and thus collapse the lungs? | back 28 the natural tendency for the lungs to recoil and the surface tension of the alveolar fluid |
front 29 Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBC? | back 29 chloride shifting |
front 30 Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer? | back 30 kaposi's sarcoma |
front 31 Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2? | back 31 blood pH adjustment |
front 32 The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________. | back 32 friction |
front 33 Which of the following determines lung compliance? | back 33 aveolar surface tension |
front 34 Tidal volume is air ________. | back 34 exchanged during normal breathing |
front 35 Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? | back 35 partial pressure gradient |
front 36 Possible causes of hypoxia include ________. | back 36 too little oxygen in the atmosphere |
front 37 The lung volume that represents the total volume of exchangeable air is the ________. | back 37 vital capacity |
front 38 Because the lungs are filled with fluid during fetal life, which of the following statements is true regarding respiratory exchange? | back 38 respiratory exchanges are made through the placenta |
front 39 ) Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing? | back 39 rising blood preasure |
front 40 Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. | back 40 medulla and pons |
front 41 The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________. | back 41 inspiratory reserve |
front 42 Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
| back 42 More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs. |
front 43 Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________. | back 43 diffusion |
front 44 Select the correct statement about the pharynx. | back 44 the auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx |
front 45 The larynx contains ________. | back 45 the thyroid cartilage |
front 46 Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to blow up a balloon? | back 46 internal intercostals and abdominal muscle would contract |
front 47 How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood? | back 47 as the bicarbinate oin in the plasma, after first entering the red blood cells |
front 48 Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura? | back 48 aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs |
front 49 Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of CO2 transport? | back 49 attached to the heme part of hemoglobin |
front 50 Factors that influence the rate and depth of breathing include ________. | back 50 voluntary cortical control |
front 51 Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? | back 51 aveoli |
front 52 The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. | back 52 alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes |
front 53 Gas emboli may occur because a ________. | back 53 diver holds his breath upon ascent |
front 54 Inspiratory capacity is ________. | back 54 the total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration |
front 55 Which center is located in the pons? | back 55 pontine respiratory group (PRG) |
front 56 The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT ________. | back 56 as the direct initiator of the cough reflex |
front 57 A premature baby usually has difficulty breathing. However, the respiratory system is developed enough for survival by ________. | back 57 28 weeks |
front 58 Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn? | back 58 the respiratory of a new born ,at its highest rate ,aproximately 40-80 respirations per minute. |
front 59 Select the correct statement about the neural mechanisms of respiratory control. | back 59 the pons is thought to be instrumental in the smooth transition from inspriation to expiration. |
front 60 Which of the choices below is NOT A FACTOR that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin? | back 60 number of res blood cells |
front 61 The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________. | back 61 surface tention from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity |
front 62 The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________. | back 62 concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes |
front 63 Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________. | back 63 ciliated mucous lining in the nose |
front 64 Which of the following is NOT possible? | back 64 pressure gradiant equals gas flow over resistance |
front 65 Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.
| back 65 as aveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be requierd |
front 66 Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood | back 66 a 50% oxygen satuation level of blood returining to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal |
front 67 Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation? | back 67 emphysema |
front 68 Which of the following does NOT influence hemoglobin saturation? | back 68 nitric oxide |
front 69 Type II alveolar cells secrete ________. | back 69 surfactant |
front 70 The law of partial pressure is called ________ law. | back 70 Dalton's |
front 71 The law that applies to the amount of CO2 you could dissolve in a Pepsi is called ________ law. | back 71 Henry's |
front 72 The Bohr effect refers to the unloading of ________ in a RBC due to declining pH. | back 72 oxygen |
front 73 A disorder characterized by permanent enlargement of the alveoli accompanied by destruction of the alveolar walls is ________. | back 73 emphysema |
front 74 The cartilaginous flap that closes the trachea during swallowing is called the ________. | back 74 epiglottis |
front 75 The archway in the back of the throat is called the ________. | back 75 isthmus of the fauces (oropharynx) |
front 76 Terminal bronchioles are lined with ________ epithelium. | back 76 cuboidal |