front 1 Lipid Hydrolysis Test is used in biochemical test methods for bioluminescent marine vibrio & Photobacterium species, what medium is used and what are we testing for? | back 1 Biochemical test: Lipase
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front 2 ![]() What would be the results for this Lipid Hydrolysis test? | back 2 Positive: colony turns red (may also turn red-pink around & below colony)
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front 3 ![]() What would be the results for this Lipid Hydrolysis test? | back 3 Negative: no evidence of red color on or around colony
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front 4 Starch Hydrolysis Test is used in biochemical test methods for bioluminescent marine vibrio & Photobacterium species, what medium is used and what are we testing for? | back 4 Biochemical test: presence of Amylase
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front 5 ![]() What would be the results for this Starch Hydrolysis Test? | back 5 Positive: clearing around colony (halo)
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front 6 ![]() What would be the results for this Starch Hydrolysis Test? | back 6 Negative= NO clearing around colony (no halo)
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front 7 Gelatin Hydrolysis test is used in biochemical test methods for bioluminescent marine vibrio & Photobacterium species, what medium is used and what are we testing for? | back 7 Biochemical test: Gelatinase produced
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front 8 ![]() What would be the results for this Gelatin Hydrolysis test? | back 8 Positive: liquefaction of gelatin
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front 9 ![]() What would be the results for this Gelatin Hydrolysis test? | back 9 Negative: Gelatin remains solid
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front 10 What biochemical test methods are used for utilization of Amino acids ? | back 10 Metabolism of lysine/ornithine by decarboxylation or arginine by dihydroxylation, then decarboxylation
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front 11 What occurs during decarboxylation? | back 11 Removes acid groups- carboxyl groups (COOH) from amino acids & other organic molecules. Only activated by acidic environments: fermentation
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front 12 What are the reactions that Lysine (LDC), Ornithine (ODC), and Arginine (ADH) undergo during utilization of amino acids? | back 12 ![]() Metabolism of lysine/ornithine by decarboxylation or arginine by dihydroxylation, then decarboxylation |
front 13 ![]() What would be the Decarboxylation results for this utilization of Amino acids test ? | back 13 Positive Results:
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front 14 ![]() What would be the Decarboxylation results for this utilization of Amino acids test ? | back 14 Negative results:
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front 15 ![]() What would be the Decarboxylation results for this utilization of Amino acids test ? | back 15 Negative results:
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front 16 ![]() What would be the results for this Voges proskauer Biochemical test? | back 16 Medium used: Methyl red voges proskauer broth (MRVP) + Marine cations 1559.
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front 17 ![]() What would be the results for this Idole Production Biochemical test? | back 17 Medium used: Peptone broth for idone +Marine cation 1559, contains tryptophan and can detect motility of organism
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front 18 ![]() What is the function of Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules? | back 18 Medium used: Marine Glucose Fermentation broth, view wet mount under phase contrast microscopy
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front 19 ![]() Study of fungi: | back 19 Mycology |
front 20 What are fungi? | back 20 Molds, yeasts, mushroom, relatives |
front 21 Characteristics of fungi? | back 21 -Eukaryotes
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front 22 Cell structure of Fungi? | back 22 -Lack tissue differentiation
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front 23 Reproduction of Fungi? | back 23 Propagate by spores (sexual/Asexual)
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front 24 Habitats of fungi? | back 24 Primary terrestrial, a few freshwater and marine |
front 25 Ecology of fungi? | back 25 ![]() -Symbionts of plants or animals- commensals, mutualistic, parasitic
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front 26 ![]() How do plants/trees benefit from presence of Mycorrhizae? | back 26 Mutualist:
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front 27 Why is fungi important for the environment ? | back 27 Decomposers (saprophytes)- break down organic material & return to environment
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front 28 Why is fungi important industrially ? | back 28 Industrial fermentation- bread, wine, beer, cheese, tofu, soy sauce, steroid manufacture, antibiotic production |
front 29 What is the cell structure of Molds? | back 29 multicellular filamentous fungi |
front 30 What are the four major divisions of molds? | back 30 1. Zygomycota
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front 31 What is the cell structure of Yeast? | back 31 -Thallus: fungal body or vegetative structure
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front 32 What are the four major division of Yeast? | back 32 Ascomycota- also contains some molds |
front 33 ![]() fill in the blanks | back 33 1. Plasma membrane
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front 34 ![]() What is the difference between these hyphae cross walls? | back 34 Vegetative (reproductive) hyphae- structures that elongate into branching multicellular filaments
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front 35 ![]() Label mold hyphae structure. | back 35 1. Cell wall
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front 36 What is aerial mycelium and how is it observed? | back 36 Hyphae intertwine to form a aerial mycelium on substrate surface- puffy colonies
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front 37 ![]() Label the diagram | back 37 1. Spore: non-motile reproductive units on end of hyphae- useful for ID (development & morphology)
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front 38 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)? | back 38 Conidiophores bear long chains of asexual conidiophores.
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front 39 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)? | back 39 Sporangiophores bear sac (sporangium) that contains sporangiospores.
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front 40 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)? | back 40 Vegetative mother cells bear single blastospores that bud off.
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front 41 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)?1 | back 41 Arthrospores-hyphae fragment apart & the component function as spores.
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front 42 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)? | back 42 Transverse tissue forming new cell wall |
front 43 ![]() What specialized hyphae & spores is this (label structures)? | back 43 a. Terminal chlamydospores
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front 44 ![]() Identify this cell shape: | back 44 Yeast structure; spherical, ellipsoidal, or oval
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front 45 ![]() identify these colonies: | back 45 Yeast colonies- appear like bacteria, often dull and opaque |
front 46 ![]() Identify and label the structure | back 46 Yeast Cell:
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front 47 What term is used to describe some fungi alternate between a mold & yeast form: Hyphal cells --> yeast cells? | back 47 Dimorphism |
front 48 ![]() label the structure: | back 48 a. Spores
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front 49 In animal-infecting fungi: | back 49 alternate between a saprophytic mold phase in environment & parasitic yeast phase in host:
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front 50 In plan-infecting fungi: | back 50 mold form in plant host, yeast form in environment |
front 51 ![]() Identify and label the structure | back 51 The Morphology of Coccidioides
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front 52 ![]() dentify and label the structures | back 52 A. Coccidioides immitis- filamentous colonie isolated from patient's sputum
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front 53 ![]() Identify and label the structure | back 53 a. Gamete release 1N
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front 54 Reproduction of mold: | back 54 -Many have sexual & asexual phases
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front 55 ![]() Reproduction of Yeast: | back 55 -Asexula reproduction by fission (splitting) budding
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front 56 Commensal yeasts in Humans: | back 56 -Most yeast nonpathogenic, but opportunistic if host becomes immunosuppressed.
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front 57 Candida: | back 57 Commensal Yeast of Humans:
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front 58 Malassezia: | back 58 Dandruff & seborrhea (large flakes & itchy red area around scalp)- Caused by Pityrosporum (malassezia) |
front 59 How is dandruff prevented? | back 59 Zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole, Selenium- sulfide in dandruff shampoos inhibit yeast growth & some help inhibit cell turn over. |
front 60 How can Fungi be cultivated? | back 60 on plates; molds & yeast colonies cultivated in manner similar to bacteria, but often slower to grow. |
front 61 Why is Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SAB) 4% sugar and pH=5.6 used to grow fungi? | back 61 Because fungi and bacteria compete, selective media favoring fungi is used inhibits many bacterial due to osmophilic & acidophilic environment |
front 62 Why are Henrici slides used for to analyze fungi? | back 62 mold can be studied during growth, without disturbing vegetative & reproductive structures. |
front 63 Fungi are members of the domain
| back 63 C) Eukarya |
front 64 Fungi reproduce
| back 64 C) Bothsexuallyandasexually |
front 65 Which of the following nutritional types best describes the fungi?
| back 65 C) Saprophytic |
front 66 Fungi are important ecologically because of their ability to
| back 66 B) Decompose organic matter to release carbon and nutrients to other organisms |
front 67 Symbiotic relationships between vascular plant roots and fungi are called
| back 67 D) Mycorrhizae |
front 68 Fungi are producers of which of the following industrial products?
| back 68 D) A ll of the above |
front 69 The simplest group of fungi are the
| back 69 A) Chytridiomycota |
front 70 When food becomes scarce or environmental conditions become unfavorable, Rhizopus bread mold
| back 70 A) Reproducessexually |
front 71 Which of the following groups of fungi degrade many chemically stable organic compounds including lignin, cellulose, and collagen?
| back 71 D) Ascomycota |
front 72 A unicellular fungi that reproduces by budding or binary fission is known as a:
| back 72 C) Yeast |
front 73 When nutrients are limited, diploid yeast cells undergo
| back 73 D) Meiosis |
front 74 Filamentous ascomycetes reproduce by producing
| back 74 A) Conidia |
front 75 Aspergillus mold, the trigger of allergies, asthma, and sinusitis, belongs to the fungal group
| back 75 D) Ascomycota |
front 76 Ergotism, the toxic condition in humans and animals that eat grain infected with fungus, is caused by an organism from the group
| back 76 D) Ascomycota |
front 77 Which fungal group includes the stinkhorns, puffballs, toadstools, and mushrooms?
| back 77 A) Basidiomycota |
front 78 Mushroom toxins damage the host by
| back 78 D) A ll of the above |
front 79 Important plant pathogens causing "rusts" and "smuts" in crop plants are members of which fungal group?
| back 79 B) Basidiomycota |
front 80 Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular.
| back 80 A) True |
front 81 Fungi are saphrophytes and use hydrolytic enzymes to degrade organic material.
| back 81 A) True |
front 82 Flagella are absent in all fungi.
| back 82 B) False |
front 83 A fungus in the genus Rhizopus is the causative agent of seedling blight, a rice disease.
| back 83 A) True |
front 84 Mushrooms used in food production belong to the Basidiomycota.
| back 84 A) True |
front 85 Infection by some members of the Basidiomycota triggers tumor formation in crop plants.
| back 85 A) True |