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A&P 2 Exam 4 Review JJC

front 1

Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney?

back 1

Renal artery and vein and renal ureters

front 2

Blood leaves the efferent arteriole and enters the

back 2

Peritubular capillary network

front 3

Filtrate leaves the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle and enters the

back 3

distal convoluted tubule

front 4

What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space?

back 4

similar to plasma, only no proteins

front 5

Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries?

back 5

The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance.

front 6

What effect does an increase in osmolarity in the Loop of Henle have on the diffusion of water?

back 6

Water diffuses into the tubule.

front 7

If the osmotic concentration of ECF increases, which of the following happens?

back 7

Water moves from cells into ECF.

front 8

A decrease in ADH in the blood leads to:

back 8

the production of a dilute urine.

front 9

The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle?

back 9

external urinary sphincter

front 10

Renal autoregulation of GFR involves

back 10

Myogenic control and Tubuloglomerular feedback

front 11

GFR

back 11

glomerular filtration rate

front 12

ECF

back 12

Extracellular fluid

front 13

Which hormone affecting electrolyte balance is responsible for determining the rate of Na+ absorption and K+ loss along the DCT?

back 13

aldosterone

front 14

DCT

back 14

Distal Convoluted Tube

front 15

Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with renin production and the hormonal control of blood pressure?

back 15

juxtaglomerular apparatus

front 16

What effect does drinking a pitcher of distilled water have on ADH secretion?

back 16

Secretion of ADH decreases

front 17

Which of the following is the major buffer system of the ECF?

back 17

carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system

front 18

What effect does a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on respiratory rate?

back 18

The respiratory rate increases

front 19

What is a possible reason for the development of metabolic acidosis?

back 19

strenuous exercise due to lactic acid accumulation and diabetics who are noncompliant with their insulin

front 20

An individual has a blood pH of 7.6, a PCO2 of 62mm Hg and a HCO3¯ of 32 mM. Identify if the person is in acidosis or alkalosis; if the cause is metabolic or respiratory; and, if there is compensation

back 20

pH>7.45 alkalosis
HCO3¯ > 26 mM metabolic alkalosis
PCO2 > 45mm Hg respiratory compensation

front 21

Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have?

back 21

liver disease

front 22

Which structure receives sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules?

back 22

tubulus rectus

front 23

In the male reproductive system, the prostate gland releases an antibiotic called ________. This protects against urinary tract infections in the male.

back 23

seminalplasmin

front 24

What is the role of FSH in males?

back 24

It stimulates the production of androgen binding protein, which then, along with testosterone, promotes the maturation of sperm.

front 25

How is an oocyte transported along the uterine tube?

back 25

Ciliary movement “turns on” just before ovulation to propel the oocyte AND Peristaltic contractions of the uterine tube propel the oocyte.

front 26

Which layer of the uterus is sloughed off during menstruation?

back 26

functional layer of the endometrium

front 27

What event occurs in the uterine cycle when the levels of estrogens and progesterone decline?

back 27

menses

front 28

What is the fate of the corpus luteum if fertilization does NOT occur?

back 28

It disintegrates into a corpus albicans

front 29

Why does oogenesis yield only one functional ovum?

back 29

Oogenesis produces 2 polar bodies, which later disintegrate.

front 30

Fertilization occurs in the _______ within _____.

back 30

ampulla-isthmus junction; 1 day of ovulation

front 31

What are the important roles of hCG in maintaining pregnancy?

back 31

It helps corpus luteum persist throughout the first trimester AND It suppresses the release of oxytocin

front 32

What is the developmental fate of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst?

back 32

It becomes an embryo

front 33

What is (are) the important function(s) of the placenta?

back 33

It produces hormones that affect maternal systems AND It is a route for waste elimination and supplying fetal tissues with nutrients.

front 34

Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system?

back 34

yolk sac

front 35

What are the extra embryonic membranes?

back 35

Chorion, amnion, allantois, and yolk sac

front 36

Aides in the production of the placenta.

back 36

Chorion

front 37

What surrounds and protects the embryo?

back 37

amnion

front 38

What is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in

back 38

allantois

front 39

What gives the baby nutrients before the umbilical cord is formed

back 39

yolk sac

front 40

What would influence delivery of the fetus?

back 40

Estrogen levels increase and increase the sensitivity of smooth muscle to oxytocin AND/OR Relaxin is secreted and dilates the cervix of the uterus AND/OR Prostaglandin release stretches the uterine wall.

front 41

Prior to 2 weeks of gestation, an embryo

back 41

is sexually indifferent AND has both a Wolffian and a Mullerian duct system

front 42

The precursor of the internal male sex organs is

back 42

Wolffian duct system

front 43

In the female, they will develop to form the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper two-third of the vagina;[1] in the male, they are lost

back 43

Mullerian duct system

front 44

How is your genotype distinguished from your phenotype?

back 44

genetic makeup; anatomical and physiological characteristics of an individual

front 45

Codominant means _________. An example of a trait that is inherited in a codominant fashion is (are) ________.

back 45

both alleles are equally expressed; blood type AB