front 1 Which structures exit at the hilum of the kidney? | back 1 Renal artery and vein and renal ureters |
front 2 Blood leaves the efferent arteriole and enters the | back 2 Peritubular capillary network |
front 3 Filtrate leaves the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle and enters the | back 3 distal convoluted tubule |
front 4 What is the composition of the filtrate in the capsular space? | back 4 similar to plasma, only no proteins |
front 5 Why are glomerular pressures higher than pressure in other capillaries? | back 5 The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, increasing resistance. |
front 6 What effect does an increase in osmolarity in the Loop of Henle have on the diffusion of water? | back 6 Water diffuses into the tubule. |
front 7 If the osmotic concentration of ECF increases, which of the following happens? | back 7 Water moves from cells into ECF. |
front 8 A decrease in ADH in the blood leads to: | back 8 the production of a dilute urine. |
front 9 The ability to control the micturition reflex depends on the ability to control which muscle? | back 9 external urinary sphincter |
front 10 Renal autoregulation of GFR involves | back 10 Myogenic control and Tubuloglomerular feedback |
front 11 GFR | back 11 glomerular filtration rate |
front 12 ECF | back 12 Extracellular fluid |
front 13 Which hormone affecting electrolyte balance is responsible for determining the rate of Na+ absorption and K+ loss along the DCT? | back 13 aldosterone |
front 14 DCT | back 14 Distal Convoluted Tube |
front 15 Damage to which part of the nephron interferes with renin production and the hormonal control of blood pressure? | back 15 juxtaglomerular apparatus |
front 16 What effect does drinking a pitcher of distilled water have on ADH secretion? | back 16 Secretion of ADH decreases |
front 17 Which of the following is the major buffer system of the ECF? | back 17 carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system |
front 18 What effect does a decrease in the pH of body fluids have on respiratory rate? | back 18 The respiratory rate increases |
front 19 What is a possible reason for the development of metabolic acidosis? | back 19 strenuous exercise due to lactic acid accumulation and diabetics who are noncompliant with their insulin |
front 20 An individual has a blood pH of 7.6, a PCO2 of 62mm Hg and a HCO3¯ of 32 mM. Identify if the person is in acidosis or alkalosis; if the cause is metabolic or respiratory; and, if there is compensation | back 20 pH>7.45 alkalosis |
front 21 Mary has had a urinalysis that indicates a high level of bilirubin. What condition may she have? | back 21 liver disease |
front 22 Which structure receives sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules? | back 22 tubulus rectus |
front 23 In the male reproductive system, the prostate gland releases an antibiotic called ________. This protects against urinary tract infections in the male. | back 23 seminalplasmin |
front 24 What is the role of FSH in males? | back 24 It stimulates the production of androgen binding protein, which then, along with testosterone, promotes the maturation of sperm. |
front 25 How is an oocyte transported along the uterine tube? | back 25 Ciliary movement “turns on” just before ovulation to propel the oocyte AND Peristaltic contractions of the uterine tube propel the oocyte. |
front 26 Which layer of the uterus is sloughed off during menstruation? | back 26 functional layer of the endometrium |
front 27 What event occurs in the uterine cycle when the levels of estrogens and progesterone decline? | back 27 menses |
front 28 What is the fate of the corpus luteum if fertilization does NOT occur? | back 28 It disintegrates into a corpus albicans |
front 29 Why does oogenesis yield only one functional ovum? | back 29 Oogenesis produces 2 polar bodies, which later disintegrate. |
front 30 Fertilization occurs in the _______ within _____. | back 30 ampulla-isthmus junction; 1 day of ovulation |
front 31 What are the important roles of hCG in maintaining pregnancy? | back 31 It helps corpus luteum persist throughout the first trimester AND It suppresses the release of oxytocin |
front 32 What is the developmental fate of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst? | back 32 It becomes an embryo |
front 33 What is (are) the important function(s) of the placenta? | back 33 It produces hormones that affect maternal systems AND It is a route for waste elimination and supplying fetal tissues with nutrients. |
front 34 Improper development of which of the extraembryonic membranes affects the cardiovascular system? | back 34 yolk sac |
front 35 What are the extra embryonic membranes? | back 35 Chorion, amnion, allantois, and yolk sac |
front 36 Aides in the production of the placenta. | back 36 Chorion |
front 37 What surrounds and protects the embryo? | back 37 amnion |
front 38 What is important in the formation of the umbilical cord and placenta in | back 38 allantois |
front 39 What gives the baby nutrients before the umbilical cord is formed | back 39 yolk sac |
front 40 What would influence delivery of the fetus? | back 40 Estrogen levels increase and increase the sensitivity of smooth muscle to oxytocin AND/OR Relaxin is secreted and dilates the cervix of the uterus AND/OR Prostaglandin release stretches the uterine wall. |
front 41 Prior to 2 weeks of gestation, an embryo | back 41 is sexually indifferent AND has both a Wolffian and a Mullerian duct system |
front 42 The precursor of the internal male sex organs is | back 42 Wolffian duct system |
front 43 In the female, they will develop to form the Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper two-third of the vagina;[1] in the male, they are lost | back 43 Mullerian duct system |
front 44 How is your genotype distinguished from your phenotype? | back 44 genetic makeup; anatomical and physiological characteristics of an individual |
front 45 Codominant means _________. An example of a trait that is inherited in a codominant fashion is (are) ________. | back 45 both alleles are equally expressed; blood type AB |