front 1 An endocrine organ located in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an isthmus. | back 1 Thyroid gland |
front 2 An endocrine organ found atop of the kidney. | back 2 Adrenal gland |
front 3 An endocrine organ that is a mixed gland, located close to the stomach and small intestines. | back 3 Pancreas |
front 4 Paired endocrine glands suspended in the scrotum. | back 4 Testes |
front 5 Endocrine glands that ride "horseback" on the thyroid gland. | back 5 Parathyroids |
front 6 Endocrine glands found in the pelvic cavity of the female, concerned with ova and female hormone production. | back 6 Ovaries |
front 7 An endocrine gland that is found in the upper thorax overlying the heart; large during youth. | back 7 Thymus |
front 8 An endocrine gland that is found in the roof of the third ventricle. | back 8 Pineal gland |
front 9 Which hormone(s) regulates the function of another endocrine gland? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 9 FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. |
front 10 Which hormone(s) maintain the salt and water balance in the extracellular fluid? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 10 Aldosterone secreted by the adrenal cortex and ADH secreted by the hypothalamus. |
front 11 Which hormone(s) are directly involved in milk production and ejection? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 11 Oxytocin secreted by the posterior pituitary gland and prolactin secreted by the anterior pituitary. |
front 12 Which hormone(s) controls the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 12 T3/T4 secreted by the thyroid gland. |
front 13 Which hormone(s) regulates the blood calcium levels? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 13 PTH secreted by the parathyroid gland. |
front 14 Which hormone(s) regulates blood glucose levels? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 14 Insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas. |
front 15 Which hormone(s) are released in response to stressors? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 15 The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and epinephrine (EP). |
front 16 Which hormone(s) drives the development of secondary sex characteristics in males? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 16 Testosterone is secreted by the testes. |
front 17 Which hormone(s) are directly responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle? Which gland(s) secretes the hormone(s)? | back 17 Estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovaries. |
front 18 What is humoral stimulus? | back 18 Hormone release caused by altered levels of certain critical ions or nutrients. |
front 19 What is neural stimulus? | back 19 Hormone release caused by neural input. |
front 20 What is hormonal stimulus? | back 20 Hormone release caused by another hormone (a tropic hormone). |
front 21 ACTH is released by…
| back 21 1. another hormone (hormonal stimulus) |
front 22 Caclitonin is released by…
| back 22 3. humoral factors (humoral stimulus) |
front 23 Estrogen is released by…
| back 23 1. another hormone |
front 24 Insulin is released by…
| back 24 3. humoral factors |
front 25 Norepinephrine (NE) is released by…
| back 25 2. the nervous system (neural stimulus) |
front 26 Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released by…
| back 26 3. humoral factors |
front 27 T4/T3 is released by…
| back 27 1. another hormone |
front 28 Testosterone is released by…
| back 28 1. another hormone |
front 29 TSH, FSH is released by…
| back 29 1. another hormone |
front 30 If PTH is produced inadequately, what condition occurs? | back 30 Tetany |
front 31 If ADH is produced inadequately, what condition occurs? | back 31 Excessive diuresis without high blood glucose levels. |
front 32 If insulin is produced inadequately, what condition occurs? | back 32 Loss of glucose in the urine. |
front 33 If GH (growth hormone) is produced inadequately, what condition occurs? | back 33 Abnormally small stature, normal proportions. |
front 34 If T4/T3 (TH) is produced inadequately, what condition occurs? | back 34 Low BMR, mental and physical sluggishness. |
front 35 If GH is produced excessively, what condition occurs? | back 35 Large hands and feet in adults and large facial bones. |
front 36 If TH is produced excessively, what condition occurs? | back 36 Nervousness, sweating, and irregular pulse rate. |
front 37 If PTH is produced excessively, what condition occurs? | back 37 Demineralization of bones and spontaneous fractures. |
front 38 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is the most numerous leukocyte? | back 38 Neutorphil |
front 39 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) are granulocytes? | back 39 Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils |
front 40 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is also called an erythrocyte (hint: anucleate formed element)? | back 40 RBCs (red blood cells) |
front 41 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is actively phagocytic leukocytes? | back 41 Monocyte and neutorphil |
front 42 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) are agranulocytes? | back 42 Monocyte and lymphocyte |
front 43 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is a precursor cell of platelets? | back 43 Megakaryocyte |
front 44 What term defines RBCs, megakaryocyte, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte? | back 44 Formed elements |
front 45 What cell type(s)/blood element(s)' number rises during a parasite inflammation? | back 45 Eosinophil |
front 46 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) releases histamine and promotes inflammation? | back 46 Basophil |
front 47 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is formed in lymphoid tissue? | back 47 Lymphocyte |
front 48 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) transports oxygen? | back 48 RBCs |
front 49 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) is primarily water, noncellular, and is the fluid matrix of blood? | back 49 Plasma |
front 50 What cell type(s)/blood element(s) increases in number during prolonged infections? | back 50 Monocyte |
front 51 What are the 5 types of WBCs? | back 51 Eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte |
front 52 Describe the structural characteristics of Eosinophils. What is the % of it in the total WBC population? | back 52 Large, red-staining cytoplasmic granules with bilobed or figure 8 nucleus. 1-4% of WBC. |
front 53 Describe the structural characteristics of Neutrophils. What is the % of it in the total WBC population? | back 53 Pale pink cytoplasm with fine granules and the nucleus is multi lobed that stains deep purple. 40-70% of WBC. |
front 54 Describe the structural characteristics of Lymphocytes. What is the % of it in the total WBC population? | back 54 Small cells with sparse pale blue cytoplasm and dark purple-staining, spherical nucleus. 20-45% of WBC. |
front 55 Describe the structural characteristics of Basophils. What is the % of it in the total WBC population? | back 55 Sparse dark blue cytoplasmic granules that may obscure the large U-shaped nucleus that stains dark blue. 0.5 or less of WBC. |
front 56 Describe the structural characteristics of Monocytes. What is the % of it in the total WBC population? | back 56 Abundant gray-blue cytoplasm and a dark blue-purple nucleus that is often kidney-shaped. 4-8% of WBC. |
front 57 What blood pathology has an abnormal increase in the number of WBCs? | back 57 Leukocytosis |
front 58 What blood pathology has an abnormal increase in the number of RBCs? | back 58 Polycythemia |
front 59 What blood pathology has a condition of too few RBCs or of RBCs with hemoglobin deficiencies? | back 59 Anemia |
front 60 What blood pathology has an abnormal decrease in the number of WBCs? | back 60 Leukopenia |
front 61 What blood pathology has RBCs that are large and pale? | back 61 Macrocytic hypochromic anemia |
front 62 What blood pathology has RBCs that are small and pale? | back 62 Microcytic hypochromic anemia |
front 63 What blood pathology has RBCs that are crescent shaped? | back 63 Sickle cell anemia |
front 64 What blood pathology has a large number of small abnormal lymphocytes? | back 64 Lymphocytic leukemia (chronic) |
front 65 What blood pathology has an increased number of eosinophils? | back 65 Eosinophilia |
front 66 Which blood pathology condition is caused by an iron-deficient diet? | back 66 Microcytic hypochromic anemia |
front 67 Which blood pathology condition is caused by a type of bone marrow cancer? | back 67 Lymphocytic leukemia (chronic) |
front 68 Which blood pathology condition is caused by a genetic defect that causes hemoglobin to become sharp/spiky? | back 68 Sickle cell anemia |
front 69 Which blood pathology condition is caused by a lack of vitamin B12? | back 69 Macrocytic hypochromic anemia |
front 70 Which blood pathology condition is caused by a tapeworm infestation in the body? | back 70 Eosinophilia |
front 71 Which blood pathology condition is caused by a bleeding ulcer? | back 71 Microcytic hypochromic anemia |
front 72 Where is the mediastinum of the heart located? | back 72 In the thorax |
front 73 Where are the atria located? | back 73 In the superior heart chambers |
front 74 Where are the ventricles located? | back 74 In the inferior heart chambers |
front 75 Where is the epicardium located? | back 75 In the visceral pericardium |
front 76 What are the receiving chambers of the heart called? | back 76 Atria |
front 77 What term equals cardiac muscle? | back 77 Myocardium |
front 78 What structure provides nutrient blood to the heart muscle? | back 78 Coronary arteries |
front 79 What lines the heart chambers? | back 79 Endocardium |
front 80 What is the actual "pump" of the heart? | back 80 Ventricles |
front 81 What structure drains the blood into the right atrium? | back 81 Coronary sinus |
front 82 Complete the scheme of circulation of RBC in the human body:
| back 82 Right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the Right Ventricle, through the Pulmonary Semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk, to the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries, to the capillary beds of the lungs, to the Pulmonary Veins, to the Left Atrium of the heart, through the Mitral/Bicuspid valve to the Left Ventricle, through the Aortic Semilunar valve to the Aorta, to the systemic arteries, to the Capillary Beds of the tissues, to the systemic veins, to the Inferior Vena Cava, Superior Vena Cava, and Coronary Sinus entering the right atrium of the heart. |
front 83 How does the intrinsic conduction system travel?
| back 83 Starting at the SA node to AV Node to AV Bundle (Bundle of His) to Left and Right Bundle Branches and to Subendocardial Conducting Network (Purkinje fibers). |
front 84 Name two events that occur within the body to aid in venous return. | back 84 Skeletal muscle "milking action" and changes in the thoracic cavity pressure during breathing. |
front 85 Why are the wall of the arteries proportionately thicker than those of the corresponding veins? | back 85 Arteries must withstand high pressure and pressure fluctuations. Veins are low-pressure vessels. |
front 86 What are 2 characteristics of an artery? | back 86 An open, circular lumen and thick tunica media. |
front 87 What are 2 characteristics of a vein? | back 87 A somewhat collapsed lumen and thinner tunica media. |
front 88 Name the characteristic description for each tunic.
| back 88 The tunica intima is the innermost tunic, thin tunic of capillaries, and has a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow. |
front 89 Name the characteristic description for each tunic.
| back 89 The tunica media is especially thick in elastic arteries and contains smooth muscle and elastin. |
front 90 Name the characteristic description for each tunic.
| back 90 The tunica externa is the most superficial tunic. |
front 91 What is the length of the normal cardiac cycle? | back 91 0.8 sec |
front 92 What is the time interval of atrial systole? | back 92 0.1 sec |
front 93 What is the quiescent period (ventricular relaxation period)? | back 93 0.4 sec |
front 94 What is the ventricular contraction period? | back 94 0.3 sec |
front 95 If an individual's heart rate is 80 beats/min, what is the length of the cardiac cycle? | back 95 0.75 sec |
front 96 Complete the statement on heart sounds.
| back 96 The monosyllables describing the heart sounds are 1) lup-dup. The first heart sound is a result of closure of the 2) atrioventricular valves, whereas the second is a result of closure of the 3) aortic and pulmonary (semilunar) valves. The heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound are the 4) ventricles, and the chambers that have just emptied are the 5) atria. Immediately after the second heart sound, both the 6) atria and 7) ventricles are filling with blood. |
front 97 If someone has been injured in an auto accident and is hemorrhaging badly, what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding from the thigh? | back 97 The femoral artery |
front 98 If someone has been injured in an auto accident and is hemorrhaging badly, what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding from the calf? | back 98 Popliteal artery |
front 99 If someone has been injured in an auto accident and is hemorrhaging badly, what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding from the forearm? | back 99 Brachial artery |
front 100 If someone has been injured in an auto accident and is hemorrhaging badly, what pressure point would you compress to help stop bleeding from the thumb? | back 100 Radial artery |