front 1 The bean-shaped kidneys lie in a ____________ position. | back 1 retroperitoneal |
front 2 An adult's kidney has a mass of about? | back 2 150g (5 ounces) |
front 3 The average dimensions of an adult kidney are? | back 3 12cm long
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front 4 What mass sits atop of the kidneys but is functionally unrelated? | back 4 the adrenal (suprarenal) gland |
front 5 Three layers of supportive tissue that surrounds each kidney are? | back 5 - The renal fascia
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front 6 An outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney to surrounding structures? | back 6 the renal fascia |
front 7 A fatty mass that surrounds the kidney and cushions it against blows? | back 7 The perirenal fat capsule |
front 8 A transparent capsule that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney? | back 8 The fibrous capsule |
front 9 An event when one or both kidneys may drop to a lower position? | back 9 Renal ptosis |
front 10 Backup of urine from ureteral obstruction or other causes is called? | back 10 Hydronephrosis |
front 11 Three distinct regions of the kidney are? | back 11 -The cortex
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front 12 The most superficial region of the kidney that appears light-colored and has a granular appearance. | back 12 The renal cortex |
front 13 Deep to the cortex is a darker reddish-brown layer which exhibits cone-shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids is called? | back 13 Renal medulla |
front 14 The apex of each renal pyramid is called? | back 14 the papilla |
front 15 The _________ are inward extensions of cortical tissue that separate each pyramid. | back 15 Renal columns |
front 16 the kidney is made up of how many lobes? | back 16 Eight |
front 17 The _________ is a funnel-shaped tube which is continuous with the ureter leaving the hilum. | back 17 renal pelvis |
front 18 Branching extensions of the pelvis form two or three ____________. | back 18 major calyces |
front 19 The job of the calyces is to? | back 19 collect urine. |
front 20 The walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter contain smooth muscle which do what? | back 20 contract rhythmically to propel urine by peristalsis |
front 21 an infection of the renal pelvis and calyces, | back 21 Pyelitis |
front 22 Infections or inflammations that affect the entire kidney | back 22 Pyelonephritis |
front 23 The structural ad functional units of the kidneys | back 23 Nephrons |
front 24 Each kidney contains over ___ million of these tiny blood-processing units which carry out the processes that forms urine | back 24 one |
front 25 Each nephron consists of a _______ and a _________. | back 25 renal corpuscle, renal tubule |
front 26 Each renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called? | back 26 glomerulus |
front 27 A cup-shaped hollow structure that is the first step in filtration of blood to form urine. | back 27 Glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)
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front 28 The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is _____________meaning they are exceptionally porous. | back 28 fenestrated
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front 29 The plasma-derived fluid or__________ is the raw material that the renal tubules process to form urine. | back 29 Filtrate |
front 30 The glomerular capsule has two layers. | back 30 An external parietal layer and a visceral layer. |
front 31 the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is made up of what tissue type? | back 31 simple squamous epithelium |
front 32 The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule that clings to the glomerular capillaries is what tissue type? | back 32 highly modified, branching epithelial cells |
front 33 The highly modified, branching epithelial cells in the visceral layer of glomerular capsules are called? | back 33 Podocytes |