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chapter 24

front 1 Define speciation	back 1 Process by which one species splits into 2 or more species
front 2 ecological species concept	back 2 views a species based on its ecological niche
front 3 biological species concept and its limit	back 3 Defines a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring – but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups limits include the grolar bears species can mate? but are still different
front 4 morphological species concept	back 4 characterization f a species based on bod type

front 5 phylogenetic species concept	back 5 smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor
front 6 List the three steps of speciation	back 6 Isolation of the gene pools of 2 or more populations of a species Evolutionary change in the gene pools of 1 or both of the isolated populations Reproductive isolation of 2 or more populations preventing gene flow
front 7 Distinguish between prezygotic and postzygotic isolating mechanisms.	back 7 Prezygotic (pre-fertilization) Barrier Preventing an attempted mating Or, fertilization is prevented if mating is attempted Postzygotic (post-fertilization) Barrier Mating does occur but offspring either do not survive or are sterile
front 8 Describe 5 prezygotic barriers and give an example for each.	back 8 Habitat Isolation - garter snakes one in water other on land rarely interact temporal- mating times eastern and western spotted skunks behavioral - boobie dance mechanical- snail spiral cant mate... gametic - sea urchins varying gametes making diffrent fusion hard

front 9 Explain and give examples of reduced hybrid viability, fertility, and hybrid breakdown	back 9 hybrids are frail slamanders hybrids are sterile donkeys hybrids can mate second gen but the third are crap
front 10 Distinguish between allopatric and sympatric speciation.examples	back 10 In allopatric speciation, a population is physically isolated into subpopulations – habitat isolation. mosquito fish for example Polyploidy Autopolyploidy Allopolyploidy Habitat Differentiation Sexual Selection
front 11 Explain how polyploidy can cause reproductive isolation	back 11 polyploudy individuals can not produce offspring because of problems in meiosis
front 12 Distinguish between an autopolyploid and an allopolyploid species and describe examples.	back 12 An autopolyploid individual is one that has more than 2 chromosome sets that are all from a single species. alloploid has the correct number of chromosomes

front 13 Describe how cichlid fishes may have speciated in sympatry in Lake Victoria.	back 13 breeding color was a major barrier that effected breeding patterns so two distinct species evoloved in one lake
front 14 Explain how North American apple maggot flies exemplify sympatric speciation	back 14 they mate with like organsims mostly
front 15 Explain the gradualism model and the punctuated equilibrium model	back 15 Punctuated equilibrium statis followed by rapid change while gradualism is slow changes
front 16 Give examples that illustrate the amount of genetic change necessary to give rise to a new species.	back 16 japanese land snail only needed one gene to change or dune sunflower only needed a hybrid change

front 17

macroevelotion

back 17

large scale changes creating new species