front 1 Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? | back 1 the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds |
front 2 the nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen? | back 2 the nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approx. 14 daltons |
front 3 a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a | back 3 population |
front 4 prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. what are the domains? | back 4 bacteria and archaea |
front 5 which of the following molecules contains the most polar covalent bond | back 5 h2o |
front 6 fluorine has an atomic number of 9 and a mass number of 19. how many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a fluorine atom? | back 6 1 |
front 7 why does ice float in liquid water | back 7 hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water. |
front 8 through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four-limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. this change is best explained by | back 8 natural selection |
front 9 organisms interact w/ their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into | back 9 chemical energy |
front 10 which brand of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? | back 10 taxonomy |
front 11 a slice of pizza has 500 kcal. if we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 5-L container a cold water, what would be the approx. increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: a liter of cold water weighs about 1Kg) | back 11 10 degrees C |
front 12 knowing just the atomic mass of an element allows inferences about which of the following | back 12 the number of protons plus neutrons in the element. |
front 13 the partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because | back 13 the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more tie around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus |
front 14 what coefficients must be balanced in the following blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
| back 14 2,2 |
front 15 which of the following statements is false? | back 15 virtually all organisms require the same elements in the same quantities |
front 16 Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are | back 16 nonpolar substances that repel water molecules |
front 17 what is the max number of covalent bonds an element w/ atomic number of 8 can make w/ hydrogen | back 17 2 |
front 18 which of the following is a hydrophobic material? | back 18 butter |
front 19 the application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as | back 19 technology |
front 20 which of the following best describes he logic of scientific inquiry? | back 20 if my hypothesis is correct I can expect certain test results |
front 21 in a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by | back 21 polar covalent bonds |
front 22 according to darwinian theory, which of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success? | back 22 the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success |
front 23 what is the hydrogen ion {H+} concentration of a solution of pH 8? | back 23 18-8 M |
front 24 if the pH of a solution is increased from pH 5 to pH 7, it means that the | back 24 concentration of OH- is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 5 |
front 25 a dietary calorie equals 1 kilocalorie. which of the following statements correctly defines 1 kilocalorie | back 25 1000 calories or the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree C |
front 26 systems biology is mainly an attempt to | back 26 understand the behavior of entire biological systems |
front 27 all the organisms on your campus make up | back 27 a community |
front 28 in what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same | back 28 they have the same number of electrons in their valence shell |
front 29 one difference between carbon -12 is that carbon - 14 has | back 29 two more neutrons than carbon-12 |
front 30 electrons exist only at fixed level of potential energy. however if an atom absorbs sufficient energy a possible result is that | back 30 the atom would become a negatively charged ion, or anion |
front 31 why is each element unique and different from other elements in chemical properties | back 31 each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus |
front 32 one mole (mol) of glucose (molecular mass = 180 Daltons' ) is | back 32 both 180 grams of glucose and 6.02 x 10^23 molecules of glucose |
front 33 which of the following solutions would require the greatest amount of base to be added to bring the solution to neutral pH | back 33 gastric juice at pH 2 |
front 34 which of the following is an example of qualitative data | back 34 the spider spun its web in a circular motio |
front 35 nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). which of the following statements is correct about the atom in ammonia (NH3) | back 35 each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge; the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge |
front 36 we can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin v are equal in their | back 36 number of molecles |
front 37 the main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is | back 37 light energy |
front 38 which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize | back 38 hydrogen bond |
front 39 what is the maximum number of electrons in a single 2 p orbital of an atom | back 39 2 |
front 40 slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. what is this attraction called | back 40 hydrogen bond |
front 41 which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another. | back 41 hydrogen bond |
front 42 when applying the process of science, which of these is tested? | back 42 prediction |
front 43 a solution contains 0.000001 (10-7) moles of hydroxyl ions [OH-]per liter. which of the following best describes this solution? | back 43 neutral |
front 44 an atom with atomic number 12 would have what type of chemical behavior in bonding with other elements? | back 44 it would form ions with a =2 charge |
front 45 why is it important that an experiment include a control group? | back 45 without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested |
front 46 which statement is true of all atoms that are anion? | back 46 the atom has more electrons than protons |
front 47 which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink? | back 47 kinetic energy in the drink decreases |
front 48 when two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form | back 48 nonpolar covalent bonds |
front 49 humans can digest starch but not cellulose because | back 49 humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the a glycosidic linkages of starch but not the b glycosidic linkages of cellulose |
front 50 research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation nd pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that | back 50 are mirror images of one another |
front 51 in animal metabolism, most of the monomers releases by digestion of food macromolecules are metabolized to provide energy. Only a small portion of these monomers are used for synthesis of new macromolecules. the net result is that? | back 51 water is consumed by animal metabolism |
front 52 the structural level of a protein LEAST affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the | back 52 primary level |
front 53 Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. how is lactose classified? | back 53 as a disaccharide |
front 54 which of the following categories includes all others in the list | back 54 carbohydrate |
front 55 the element present in all organic molecules is | back 55 carbon |
front 56 what is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate | back 56 complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases |
front 57 the enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the a form. which of the following could amylase break down? | back 57 glycogen, starch, and amylopectin |
front 58 which two functional groups are always found in amino acids? | back 58 carboxyl and amino |
front 59 how many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell | back 59 4 |
front 60 at which level of protein structures are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? | back 60 tertiary |
front 61 how many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long? | back 61 10 |
front 62 what is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins | back 62 chaperonin |
front 63 on food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer | back 63 cellulose |
front 64 which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true | back 64 they have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids |
front 65 which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers? | back 65 they have variations in arrangement around a double bond |
front 66 which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true | back 66 they have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids |
front 67 what is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers | back 67 dehydration reactions |
front 68 a carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? | back 68 covalent |
front 69 the label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. what is the result of adding hydrogens to vegetable oil? | back 69 the hydrogenated vegetable oil stays solid at room temperature |
front 70 which of the following is not a polymer | back 70 glucose |
front 71 there are 20 different amino acids. what makes one amino acid different from another? | back 71 different side chains (R groups) attached to an a carbon |
front 72 which type of interaction stabilizes the a helix and the b pleated sheet structures of proteins | back 72 hydrogen bonds |
front 73 which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type | back 73 cytosine and uracil |
front 74 which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions | back 74 fatty acids |
front 75 if one strand of DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3' the other complementary strand would have the sequence | back 75 5'TGCAAT3' |
front 76 large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. which of the following is an exception to this statement? | back 76 a steroid |
front 77 when biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells they most likely would use | back 77 a transmission electronic microscope |
front 78 plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells | back 78 gap junction |
front 79 a newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify secimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. what is the primary reason for the price difference | back 79 the toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images |
front 80 all of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except | back 80 an endoplasmic reticulum |
front 81 large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules | back 81 proteins |
front 82 which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? | back 82 smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
front 83 which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell | back 83 rough er |
front 84 which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes? | back 84 bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins |
front 85 in animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packages to prevent general destruction of cellular components. which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization | back 85 peroxisome |
front 86 the liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells? | back 86 smooth er |
front 87 which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell | back 87 central vacuole |
front 88 which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity | back 88 a greater proportions of unsaturated phospholipids |
front 89 grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in | back 89 chloroplasts |
front 90 organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include | back 90 mitochondria and chloroplasts |
front 91 which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy | back 91 chloroplasts |
front 92 a primary objective of cell fractionation is to | back 92 crack the cell wall so the cytoplasmic contents can be released |
front 93 in what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary? | back 93 certain proteins are unique to each membrane |
front 94 a biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, while organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively, | back 94 chloroplasts and mitochondria |
front 95 which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells | back 95 the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell's function |
front 96 which of the following processes includes all others | back 96 passive transport |
front 97 cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide would be found within the | back 97 mitochondria |
front 98 which cell would be best for studying lysosomes | back 98 phagocytic white blood cell |
front 99 which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane | back 99 phospholipids and protins |
front 100 the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals | back 100 enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops |
front 101 according to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly | back 101 embedded in a lipid bilayer |
front 102 according to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids | back 102 they can easily move laterally along the plane of the membrane |
front 103 in order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein (an integrin) it would have to be which of the following | back 103 amphipathic |
front 104 which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? | back 104 the double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart |
front 105 which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cell | back 105 the animal cell s in an isotonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution |
front 106 of the following functions which is most important for the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal cell membranes | back 106 a cell's ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another |
front 107 why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes? | back 107 hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane |
front 108 the Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. which the following statements correctly describes this polarity? | back 108 all of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function |
front 109 which of the following statements is correct about diffusion | back 109 it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
front 110 what is the voltage across a membrane called? | back 110 membrane potential |
front 111 water passes quickly through cell membranes because | back 111 it moves through aquaporins in the membrane |
front 112 a patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. in an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. what will be the most probable result of this transfusion? | back 112 the patients red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells |
front 113 a cell whose cytoplasm has a concentration of 0.02 molar glucose is placed in a test tube of water containing 0.02 molar glucose. assuming that glucose is not actively transported into the cell, which of the follow terms describes the tonicity of the external solution relative to the cytoplasm of the cell | back 113 isotonic |
front 114 which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis? | back 114 Na+ ions moving out of the cell |
front 115 which is one of the main energy transformers of cells | back 115 mitochondrion |
front 116 white blood cells engulf bacteria through what process | back 116 phagocytosis |
front 117 which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones | back 117 catabolism |
front 118 which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? | back 118 energy cannot be created or destroyed |
front 119 whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the | back 119 entropy of the universe |
front 120 which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy | back 120 a molecule of glucose |
front 121 which of the following is the smallest closed system | back 121 a thermos |
front 122 which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms | back 122 metabolism consists of all the chemical reactions in an organism |
front 123 the mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ▲G = ▲H - T▲S. which of the following is (are) correct? | back 123 ▲G is the change in free energy |
front 124 a system at chemical equilibrium | back 124 can do no work |
front 125 which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions | back 125 the reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy |
front 126 reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reactions | back 126 activation energy |
front 127 during a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme- catalyzed reaction has a ▲G of -20 kcal/mol. if you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ▲G for the new reaction? | back 127 -20 kcal/mol |
front 128 how does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction? | back 128 by changing the shape of the enzyme's active site |
front 129 some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because | back 129 their enzymes have high optimal temperatures |
front 130 chose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:
| back 130 exergonic;endergonic |
front 131 most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because | back 131 temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell |
front 132 in an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur? | back 132 nothing, the reaction will stay at equilibrium |
front 133 when a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes | back 133 oxidized |
front 134 the molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation - reduction reaction | back 134 loses electrons and loses potential energy |
front 135 which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (o2) is present or absent? | back 135 glycolysis |
front 136 why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase | back 136 it uses stored atp and them forms a net increase in ATP |
front 137 which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? | back 137 acetyl CoA |
front 138 how many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate | back 138 two |
front 139 where are the proteins of the electron transport chain locatd | back 139 mitochondrial inner membrane |
front 140 the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the | back 140 H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase |
front 141 what is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?
| back 141 pyruvate |
front 142 most CO2 from catabolism is released during | back 142 the citric acid cycle |