front 1 consciousness | back 1 our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
front 2 cognitive neuroscience | back 2 the interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition |
front 3 dual processing | back 3 the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks |
front 4 visual perception track | back 4 to recognize things and to plan future actions |
front 5 visual action track | back 5 guides our moment-to-moment actions |
front 6 cocktail party effect | back 6 ability to attend to only one voice among many |
front 7 selective attention | back 7 the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
front 8 change deafness | back 8 failing to notice changes in voices |
front 9 inattentional blindness | back 9 failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere |
front 10 change blindness | back 10 failing to notice changes in the environment |
front 11 choice blindness | back 11 failure to see a change made in one's choice |
front 12 pop-out phenomenon | back 12 strong, distinct stimuli that catches our attention and demands to it |
front 13 circadian rhythm | back 13 the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
front 14 REM sleep | back 14 rapid eye movement sleep, recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur |
front 15 suprachaismatic nucleus | back 15 a pair of grain-of-rice-sized, 20,000-cell clusters in the hypothalamus; does its job by causing the brain's pineal gland to decrease the levels of melatonin in the morning or increase it in the evening |
front 16 melatonin | back 16 sleep-inducing hormone |
front 17 alpha waves | back 17 the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
front 18 sleep | back 18 periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness |
front 19 hallucinations | back 19 false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |
front 20 delta waves | back 20 the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
front 21 hypnagogic sensation | back 21 stage 1 of sleep, point between wakefulness and sleep; fantastic and vivid images felt |
front 22 sleep spindles | back 22 bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity |
front 23 sleeeptalking | back 23 can occur during stage 2 or any other sleep stage; usually garbled or nonsensical |
front 24 sleepwalking | back 24 end of deep sleep of stage 4; acting out one's dreams by rising out of bed |
front 25 insomnia | back 25 recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
front 26 narcolepsy | back 26 a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks |
front 27 sleep apnea | back 27 a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
front 28 night terrors | back 28 a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified |
front 29 dream | back 29 a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind |
front 30 manifest content | back 30 according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream |
front 31 latent content | back 31 according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream |
front 32 REM rebound | back 32 the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation |
front 33 hypnosis | back 33 a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur |
front 34 posthypnotic suggestion | back 34 a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized |
front 35 dissociation | back 35 a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously |
front 36 psychoactive drug | back 36 a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods |
front 37 tolerance | back 37 the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect |
front 38 withdrawal | back 38 the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug |
front 39 physical dependence | back 39 a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued |
front 40 psychological dependence | back 40 a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions |
front 41 addiction | back 41 a compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences |
front 42 depressants | back 42 drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
front 43 barbiturates | back 43 (AKA tranquilizers) drugs that depress the central nervous system and its activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory |
front 44 opiates | back 44 opium and its derivatives, they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety |
front 45 stimulants | back 45 drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions |
front 46 amphetamines | back 46 drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes |
front 47 meth | back 47 a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels |
front 48 Ecstasy (MDMA) | back 48 a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intimacy |
front 49 hallucinogens | back 49 psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input |
front 50 LSD | back 50 a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid |
front 51 THC | back 51 a major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinogens |
front 52 near-death experience | back 52 an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death |