front 1 what is the main difference between the gram positive and gram negative bacterial cell wall | back 1 gram positive cell wall has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan as well as an outer memmbrane |
front 2 what are some features of the gram positive and gram negative cell walls | back 2 cytoplasmic membrane
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front 3 what is at a high concentration in the acid fast cell wall | back 3 mycolic acid |
front 4 do acid fast bacteria gram stein well | back 4 no, poorly |
front 5 what does "acid-fast" refer to | back 5 resistance to decolorization with acid alcohol after being stain with carbofuschin |
front 6 what is another name for the acid fast stain | back 6 Ziehl Nielsen stain |
front 7 what is a prominent example of acid fast bacteria | back 7 mycobacteria |
front 8 what do gram positive bacteria stain like | back 8 blue |
front 9 what do gram negative bacteria stain like | back 9 red |
front 10 what is the procedure of gram stains | back 10 CV
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front 11 what is the function of CV in gram staining | back 11 stain all cells blue and keeps gram positive bacteria blue |
front 12 what is the function of iodine in gram stains | back 12 creates CV-iodine complex |
front 13 what is the role of acetone in gram stains | back 13 clears out blue dye from lipid-rich, thin walled gram positive bacteria |
front 14 what is the role of safranin in gram stain | back 14 colors the now colorless gram negative bacteria red |
front 15 what is the strucutre of peptidoglycan | back 15 basic repeating uint of alternating N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyle muramic acid |
front 16 how are the gram positive bacteria's peptide chains cross linked | back 16 peptide bond between free amino of lysine and terminal carboxyl of D-ala |
front 17 how are the gram negative bacteria's peptide chains cross linkked | back 17 between DAP (diaminopimelic acid) and D-ala |
front 18 what is another name for peptidoglycan | back 18 murein |
front 19 is murein unique to bacteria | back 19 yes |
front 20 what does peptidoglycan determine in bacteria | back 20 shape |
front 21 what type of molecule is peptidoglycan | back 21 highly polar: hydrophilic |
front 22 what is lysozyme present in | back 22 many bodily secretions like tears |
front 23 what is the function of lysozyme | back 23 breaks glycosyl bond between GlcNAc and MurNAc |
front 24 how do penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics workan | back 24 inhibiting transpeptidases, enzymes responsible for cross linking peptide chains |
front 25 what does vancomycin do | back 25 binds directly to D-ala--D-ala dipeptides and sterically prevents them from forming cross linkages |
front 26 what is LPS present in | back 26 gram negative cell walls |
front 27 what is the function of LPS | back 27 mediator of septic shock |
front 28 what is the role of lipid A | back 28 anchors LPS in outer leaflet of bacterial membrane |
front 29 what is Lipid A composed of | back 29 disaccharides to which are attached to SCFAs |
front 30 what is the core of LPS made of | back 30 short series of sugars (KDO: ketoexoyocyanoic acid) |
front 31 what is the O antigen | back 31 long carbohydrate chain |