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microbiology ch.8

front 1 A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product is a(n) a. genetic code. b. gene. c. codon. d. anticodon.	back 1 b.
front 2 Which process results in a new double- stranded DNA molecule that contains one original strand and one new strand? a. transformation b. transcription c. semiconservative replication d. translation	back 2 c.
front 3 In DNA replication, the newly added nucleotide is joined to the growing DNA strand by a. DNA polymerase. b. RNA polymerase. c. DNA ligase. d. DNA gyrase.	back 3 a.
front 4 DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the _____ end only on a DNA strand. a. 2′ b. 3′ c. 4′ d. 5′	back 4 b.

front 5 Which of the following enzymes joins DNA strands and joins Okazaki fragments and new segments in excision by forming covalent bonds? a. RNA polymerase b. DNA polymerase c. DNA ligase d. DNA gyrase	back 5 c.
front 6 What carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes? a. mRNA b. rRNA c. tRNA d. RNA polymerase	back 6 a.
front 7 Which molecules recognize specific codons and transport amino acids? a. DNA b. mRNA c. rRNA d. tRNA	back 7 d.
front 8 A group of three nucleotides is called a(n) a. codon. b. anticodon. c. exon. d. intron.	back 8 a.

front 9 Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at the a. intron. b. mRNA. c. tRNA. d. promoter.	back 9 d.
front 10 Of the 64 codons, how many are sense codons? a. 48 b. 60 c. 61 d. 52	back 10 c.
front 11 Perhaps 60–80% of genes are NOT regulated, but are a. constitutive. b. continuous. c. degenerative. d. repressed.	back 11 a.
front 12 What is the process that turns on the transcription of a gene or genes? a. induction b. repression c. translation d. catabolite repression	back 12 a.

front 13 A set of operator and promoter sites and the structural genes they control defines a. a corepressor. b. an operon. c. an inducer. d. cAMP.	back 13 b.
front 14 Inhibition of the metabolism of alternative carbon sources by glucose is called a. induction. b. repression. c. corepression. d. catabolite repression.	back 14 d.
front 15 Epigenetic inheritance is a. a process that turns on the transcription of a gene (or genes). b. the semiconservative replication of DNA to be passed on to offspring. c. turning genes off by methylation of certain nucleotides. d. a process that inhibits gene expression.	back 15 c.
front 16 Ionizing radiation causes a. DNA to break. b. bonding between adjacent thymines. c. nitrogenous base substitutions. d. the formation of highly reactive ions.	back 16 d.

front 17 Ultraviolet light is a form of mutagenic radiation, which causes cellular damage that can be a. repaired by DNA replication. b. repaired during transcription. c. repaired during translation. d. cut out and replaced.	back 17 d.
front 18 What is the most common type of mutation involving single base pairs? a. frameshift mutation b. nonsense mutation c. missense mutation d. base substitution	back 18 d.
front 19 Mutations in which one or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA are called a. nonsense mutations. b. frameshift mutations. c. point mutations. d. base-pair mutations.	back 19 b.
front 20 Approximately what percentage of substances found by the Ames test to be mutagenic have been found to be carcinogenic in animals? a. 85% b. 75% c. 95% d. 90%	back 20 d.

front 21 Which of the following is defined as the “exchange of genes between two DNA molecules to form new combinations of genes on a chromosome”? a. conjugation b. transduction c. genetic recombination d. crossing over	back 21 c.
front 22 Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell a. by a bacteriophage. b. as naked DNA in solution. c. by sexual reproduction. d. by crossing over.	back 22 b.
front 23 The process in which bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a bacteriophage is called a. conjugation. b. transduction. c. specialized transduction. d. transformation.	back 23 b.
front 24 The process in which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another is called a. conjugation. b. transformation. c. replication. d. specialized transduction.	back 24 a.

front 25 Which type of plasmid carries genes for sex pili and for the transfer of the plasmid to another cell? a. resistance factors b. bacteriocin plasmids c. conjugative plasmids d. transposons	back 25 c.
front 26 What provides a natural mechanism for the movement of genes from one region of a DNA molecule to another? a. operons b. transposons c. plasmids d. R factors	back 26 b.