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Chapter 23- Digestive System

front 1

What are the two categories of digestive system organs?

back 1

Alimentary canal and accessory organs

front 2

Alimentary canal

back 2

continuous muscular digestive tube that runs through the body digesting and absorbing food. They includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine

front 3

Accessory digestive organs

back 3

aid digestion physically and produce secretions that break down food. They include teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

front 4

Ingestion

back 4

Act of putting food in the mouth

front 5

Propulsion

back 5

moves food through the alimentary canal and includes swallowing and peristalsis

front 6

Peristalsis

back 6

waves of contractions and relaxation of muscle in organ walls to push food along

front 7

Mechanical digestion

back 7

PHYSICAL process of breaking food down in preparation for digestion. Involves chewing, mixing, churning, and segmentation

front 8

Chemical digestion

back 8

series of catabolic steps where complex food molecules are broken down to their chemical building blocks by enzymes

front 9

Absorption

back 9

digested products pass from lumen of GI tract through mucosal cells into blood and lymph (small intestine)

front 10

Defecation

back 10

eliminates indigestible substances from the body as feces

front 11

Digestive activities are triggered by
Control of digestive activity are

back 11

mechanical and chemical stimuli
extrinsic and intrinsic (nervous and hormonal)

front 12

Visceral peritoneum covers
Parietal peritoneum covers

back 12

External surfaces of most digestive organs
Lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

front 13

Peritoneal cavity

back 13

Located between the visceral and perietal peritoneums and is filled with serous fluid

front 14

Messentery

back 14

Double layered peritoneum that extends to the digestive organs from the body wall and allows vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive organs, hold organs in place, and store fat.

front 15

Retroperitoneal organs

back 15

posterior to messentery lying against dorsal abdominal wall

front 16

The splanchic circulation serves

back 16

digestive system and includes the arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs and hepatic portal circulation

front 17

Mucosa membrane
Funtion

back 17

inner most epithelial membrane that lines the entire digestive tract
secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones. Absorbs digestive end products into the blood.
Protects against infectious disease.

front 18

Submucosa membrane

back 18

Dense connective layer containing blood and lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers

front 19

Muscularis externa

back 19

consists of smooth muscle and is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation

front 20

Serosa

back 20

protective outer later of the intraperitoneal organs and is the visceral peritoneum

front 21

The mouth is composed of
Boundaries

back 21

stratified squamous epithelial mucosa lined cavity
lips, cheeks, palate, tongue

front 22

The palate

back 22

forms the roof of the mouth and contains both the soft palate and hard palate

front 23

The tongue is made of
Function

back 23

Interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle
Reposition food when chewing, mix food with saliva, initiate swallowing, and help for consonants for speech

front 24

Salivary glands
Function

back 24

Produce saliva
cleanses the mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food, and contains chemicals that begin to break down starches.

front 25

Salivary Amalayse
Lingual Lipase

back 25

starts starch digestion in the mouth
destroys microbes in the mouth

front 26

Pharynx

back 26

provides a passageway for foods, fluid, and air

front 27

Esophagus

back 27

provides a passageway for foods and fluids

front 28

Mastification

back 28

begins the mechanical breakdown of food and mixes food with saliva (chewing)

front 29

Deglutition-
2 phases

back 29

Swallowing
Buccal phase
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

front 30

Buccal phase
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase

back 30

Voluntary and occurs in the mouth when the bolus is forced into the oropharynx
Involuntary and occurs when food is squeezed through the pharynx and into the esophagus

front 31

The stomach

back 31

temporary storage tank where chemical break down of proteins in initiated and food is converted into chyme

front 32

Stomach length and diameter

back 32

About 15-25 cm long but its diameter varies from person to person

front 33

Major stomach regions

back 33

cardiac region, fundus, body, and pyloric

front 34

Greater Curvature
Lesser Curvature

back 34

Convex lateral surface
Convex medial surface

front 35

The surface epithelium of the stomach is

back 35

simple columnar composed of goblet cells that secrete a two layer coat of alkaline mucus

front 36

Gastric stomach glands

back 36

produce gastric juices composed of mucus, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, pepsinogen, and a variety of hormones