front 1 Encompassing two cultures | back 1 bicultural |
front 2 Belonging to two nations | back 2 binational |
front 3 A political ideology marked by the belief in a limited role for government in taxation, economic regulation, and providing social services, they support traditional values and lifestyles, and are cautious in response to social change | back 3 conservative |
front 4 A descendant of European-Spanish (or in some regions, French) immigrants to the Americas's | back 4 Creole |
front 5 Population characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, employment, and income, that social scientist use to describe groups in society | back 5 demographics |
front 6 A pattern of political beliefs about how society and the economy operate, including policy orientations consistent with that pattern; a set of beliefs consistent with a particular political perspective | back 6 ideology |
front 7 A political subculture that views government as a practical institution that should further private enterprise but intervene minimally in people's lives | back 7 individualistic culture |
front 8 Having family and/or business interests in two or more nations | back 8 internationality |
front 9 A white supremacist organization. The first Klan was founded during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War | back 9 Ku Klux Klan (KKK0 |
front 10 A political ideology marked by the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, government regulation of the economy, support to civil rights and tolerance for social change | back 10 liberal |
front 11 A factory in the Mexican border region that assemblies goods, imported duty-free into Mexico for export in Spanish, it literally means "twin plant' | back 11 maquiladora |
front 12 A person of both Spanish and Native American heritage. | back 12 Mestizos |
front 13 The greater Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex area | back 13 Metroplex |
front 14 A political subculture that views government as a positive force, one that values the individual but foncions to benefit the general public | back 14 moralistic culture |
front 15 A treaty among Canada, Mexico and the U.S. that calls for the gradual removal of tariff's and other trade restrictions NAFTA came into effect in 1994 | back 15 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) |
front 16 the dominant political values and beliefs in a nation or state | back 16 political culture |
front 17 A quasi-feudal system whereby a property's owner or patron gives workers protection and employment in return for their loyalty and service. The rancher or ranchero and workers all live on the rancho or ranch | back 17 ranchero culture |
front 18 A political subculture that views government as an institution to maintain the dominant social and religious values | back 18 traditionalistic culture |
front 19 An area along the Texas side of the Rio Grande River known for the production of citrus fruits | back 19 The Valley |
front 20 The practice of excluding African Americans from Democratic Party primary elections in Texas. First enforced by law and later by party rules, this practice was found unconstitutional in Smith v. Alwright 321 US 649(1944) | back 20 White primary |
front 21 A system of government in which one central government has ultimate authority, any regional or local government are subordinate to the central government | back 21 unitary system |
front 22 A system of government in which member state or regional governments have all authority and any central institutions have only the power that regional governments choose to give them; also known as confederacies. | back 22 Confederal system |
front 23 A system of government in which governmental power is divided and shared between a national or central government and state or regional governments. | back 23 federal system |
front 24 Those powers that the constitution gives to the national government. These include those enumerated powers found in article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitutional as well as a few other powers that have evolved over time. | back 24 delegated powers |
front 25 Those delegated powers that are found in Article I, Section 8 and are clearly listed in the U.S. Constitution | back 25 Expressed powers |
front 26 Those delegated powers that are assumed to exist in order for the federal government to perform the functions that are expressly delegated. These powers are granted by the necessary and proper clause in Articl I Section * | back 26 Implied powers |
front 27 Those delegated powers that come with an office or position- generally the executive branch. While the US Constitution does not clearly specify powers granted to the executive branch, over the inherited powers have evolved as part of the powers needed to perform the functions of the executive branch | back 27 Inherent powers |
front 28 Those powers that belong to the states. The legitimacy of these powers comes from the Tenth Admendment | back 28 Reserved powers |
front 29 Those powers tat are shared by both the national government and the states | back 29 Concurrent powers |
front 30 Article VI, Section 2 of the US Constitution, which states that the US Constitution, as well as laws and treaties created in accordance with the US Constitution, supersede state and local laws. | back 30 Supremacy Clause |
front 31 Section of the US Constitution that reserves powers to the states. It reads as follows: "The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people." | back 31 Tenth Amendment |
front 32 An enumerated power in Article I, Section 8 of the US Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce | back 32 Commerce clause |
front 33 The last clause in Article 1, Section 8 of the US Constitution that gives Congress implied powers. | back 33 Necessary and proper cluase |
front 34 The understanding that the federal government and state government are both sovereign within their sphere of influence. | back 34 Dual Federalism |
front 35 A relationship where "the National Government and the States are mutually complementary parts of a single government mechanism all of whose powers are intended to realize the current purposes of government according to their applicability to the problem in hane." | back 35 Cooperative Federalism |
front 36 Federal aid to state or local governments for specific purposes, granted under restrictive conditions and often requiring matching funds from the receiving government. | back 36 Categorical grants |
front 37 Federal grants to state of local governments for more general purposes and with fewer restrictions than categorical grants. | back 37 Block grants |
front 38 The attempt to enhance the power of state or local governments, especially by substituting more flexible block grants instead of restrictive categorical grants in aid. | back 38 Devolution |
front 39 Doctrine that resulted from the Supreme Court ruling Plessey v. Ferguson that legalized segregation. | back 39 Separate-but=equal doctrine |
front 40 State and local laws that promulgated(promote) racial segregation | back 40 Jim Crow laws |
front 41 A relationship between the national government and states in which the former directs the states on policies they must take. | back 41 Coercive Federalism |
front 42 Obligations that the federal government imposes on state governments with little or no funding to help support the program. | back 42 Unfunded mandates |
front 43 Certain rights found in the Bill or Rights are rights that cannot be encroached upon by the stares. | back 43 Incorporation doctrine |
front 44 General public acceptance of government's right to govern; also, the legality of a government's existence conferred by a constitution | back 44 Legitimacy |
front 45 An owner-occupied property protected from forced sale under most circumstances | back 45 Homestead |
front 46 Property acquired during marriage and owned equally by both spouses. | back 46 Community property |
front 47 Customs upheld by courts and deriving from British tradition. | back 47 Common law |
front 48 A ballot that results from the election of a large number of independent executive and judicial officers; giving the chief executive the power to appoint most executive and judicial officers results in a short ballot. | back 48 Long ballot |
front 49 Law passed by legislature and written into code books. | back 49 Statutory law |
front 50 A court order requiring that an individual be presented in person and that legal cause be shown for confinement; it may result in release from unlawful detention. | back 50 Writ of habeas corpus |
front 51 The principle behind the concept of a government with three branches--legislative, executive, and judicial. | back 51 Separation of powers |
front 52 The concept that each branch of government is assigned power to limit abuse in the others. | back 52 Checks and balances |
front 53 Consisting of two houses or chambers; applied to legislative body with two parts, such as a senate and a house of representatives (or state assembly)
| back 53 bicameral |
front 54 Regular legislative sessions are scheduled by the constitution. In Texas, they are held once every two years; hence they are biennial. | back 54 biennial regular session |
front 55 A legislative session called by the Texas governor, who also sets its agenda. | back 55 special session |
front 56 detailed state constitutional policies of narrow scope, usually handled by status passed by legislative bodies | back 56 statute-like detail |
front 57 State constitutional provisions voided by a conflicting US constitutional or statutory law; also provisions made irrelevent by changing circumstances | back 57 deadwood |
front 58 An executive branch with power divided among several independent officers and a weak chief executive. | back 58 plural executive |
front 59 The authority to fire appointed officials. The Texas governor has limited removal powers; they extend only to officials he or she has appointed and are subject to the consent of 2/3 of the state senate. | back 59 removal powsers |
front 60 Texas governor's authority to appoin supervisory boards but not operational directors for most state agencies | back 60 indirect appointive powers |
front 61 The power to issue binding orders to state agencies; the directive authority of Texas's governor is severely limited. | back 61 directive authority |
front 62 The power to propose a spending plan to the legislative body; a power limited for Texas's governor because of the competing influences of the Legislative Budget Board | back 62 budgetary power |
front 63 Executive authority to veto sections of a bill and allow the remainder to become a law. | back 63 item veto |
front 64 The power of some governors to reduce amounts in an appropriations bill without striking them out; Texas's governor does not have this power. | back 64 reduction veto |
front 65 Chief executive's power to kill legislation by simply ignoring it after the end of the legislative session; this power is not available to Texas's governor. | back 65 pocket veto |
front 66 General elections in which candidates are nominated by political parties, and thei party labels appear on the ballot. | back 66 partisan election |
front 67 A method of selecting judges based on the candidate's qualifications rather than politics. Under this system, the governor fills court vacancies form a list of nominees submitted by a judicial commission, and these appointees later face retention elections. Also known as the Missouri Plan. | back 67 Meritt Plan |
front 68 The legal right to vote. | back 68 suffrage |
front 69 An election method that allows citizens to place a proposal on the ballot for voter approval. If the measure passes, it becomes law(permitted in some Texas cities but not in state government) | back 69 initiative |
front 70 An election that permits voters to determine if an ordinance or statute will go into effect | back 70 referendum |
front 71 A special election to remove an official before the end of his or her term, initiated by citizen petition (permitted in some Texas cities but not in state government) | back 71 popular recall |
front 72 In Texas, the proposal of a constitutional amendment must be approved by two- thirds of the total membership of each house of the Texas legislature. | back 72 proposal of constitutional amendments |
front 73 Approval of a constitutional amendment by a majority of voters. | back 73 ratification |
front 74 a 1965 privacy case that overturned a state law criminalizing the use of birth control. | back 74 Griswold v. Connecticut, |
front 75 at the U. S. Constitutional Convention in 1787, Americans invented an entirely new form of government never before seen in the history of the world | back 75 Federal System |
front 76 Texas has one of the longest, most detailed, and most frequently amended state constitutions in the United States. | back 76 Most top state judges are selected using either nonpartisan elections or some type of merit plan rather than the Texas system of partisan election. |