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Bio 2, Lecture Exam 1

front 1

Which one of the following is not a fundamental assumption of Science?

A. that an objective reality (ie. realism) exists

B. that a consistency among facts exists

C. that empirical evidence is less important than logic

back 1

C. that empirical evidence is less important than logic

front 2

One of the ways in which science distinguishes itself from religion, mysticism and philosophy is:

A. science seeks to limit confirmation bias (strives for negation)

B. science seeks to promote confirmation bias

C. science seeks to ‘prove’ a hypotheses

D. science seeks to ‘prove’ theories

back 2

A. science seeks to limit confirmation bias (strives for negation)

front 3

Which one of the following definitions of the term 'natural' is implied in the definition of science as "the study of natural phenomena?"

A. natural = not man-made or not artificial

B. natural = typical or usual

C. natural = not metaphysical or not supernatural

back 3

C. natural = not metaphysical or not supernatural

front 4

According to scientists, what is the main difference between a theory and a law?

A. theories are well examined facts and laws are hypotheses that are explanatory

B. theories are natural and laws are not

C. theories are well examined hypotheses that explain phenomena and laws do not explain facts, they simply state them

D. theories are stated facts whereas laws are well examined hypotheses that explain phenomena

E. theories are just untested ideas and laws are facts

back 4

C. theories are well examined hypotheses that explain phenomena and laws do not explain facts, they simply state them

front 5

Suppose you sign up for a drug study and as part of the study you don’t know if the pills they have given you are the actual drug or a placebo. Suppose further that the nurse that gathers data from you doesn't know whether you have received the placebo or the drug. Which one of the following is a correct statement about this study?

A. it is a single blind study

B. it is a double blind study

C. it is a triple blind study

D. this study is non-blinded

back 5

B. it is a double blind study

front 6

New Lectures (weekly readings) are posted:

A. every Tuesday by 11:59pm

B. every Wednesday by 11:59pm

C. when I turn in my previous week's quiz

D. when I request it

E. every Monday by 11:59pm

back 6

E. every Monday by 11:59pm

front 7

You can take a quiz or turn in your answers to a quiz later than 2 minutes after its due date.

True
False

back 7

False

front 8

What should I do if:

I submitted my answers to an un-timed Quiz. The due date has not passed for that quiz and I wish to change my answers for that quiz. Think this one out - pick the most reasonable answer.

A. send changes to Holly's college email

B. send changes to Holly's phone as a text (preferable) or left on her personal voice mail

C. call the changes into the science department secretary

D. put the answers into Holly's SCC office mailbox (interoffice mailbox)

back 8

B. send changes to Holly's phone as a text (preferable) or left on her personal voice mail

front 9

The scheduled dates for Lecture Exams, Lab Practicals and the 2 timed Special Quizzes are found listed in the document 'Important Testing Dates and Protocols' posted in the Course Administration Module.

True
False

back 9

True

front 10

The Lecture Exam and Weekly Quiz questions are based on material presented in the Lectures.

True
False

back 10

True

front 11

Which one of the following most specifically defines natural selection?

A. Natural selection is the random survival and reproduction of individuals with typical genotypes.

B. Natural selection is the random survival and random reproduction of individuals with specific genotypes.

C. Natural selection is the non-random survival and reproduction of individuals with specific genotypes.

D. Natural selection is the random survival of random individuals.

E. Natural selection is defined exactly the same as concept of 'decent with modification'.

back 11

C. Natural selection is the non-random survival and reproduction of individuals with specific genotypes.

front 12

With Lepus americanus and Lepus californicus we see two species of hares (genus Lepus) that have lived in very different environments for a long time. The current range of L. americanus is Alaska and most of Canada, ranging south to northern California, northern New Mexico, northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, and in the east, southward through the Allegheny Mountains. L. californicus occurs all throughout Texas and into Mexico, ranging as far west as California and Baja California and north into Washington, Idaho, Colorado and Nebraska.

What is the scientific explanation for the differences between these two, similar, species?

A. They are different because one is a rabbit and the other is a hare.

B. They have always been different, that's just how things are.

C. Both kinds of rabbits were once members of the same species in the past, but by separation into different regions followed by different natural selection pressures they have adapted differently. They now look and act so differently that they do not mate with one another.

back 12

C. Both kinds of rabbits were once members of the same species in the past, but by separation into different regions followed by different natural selection pressures they have adapted differently. They now look and act so differently that they do not mate with one another.

front 13

Which one of the following statements does not pertain to the process of natural selection (ie. its not part of the definition nor of its parameters). Hint: one of the statements below is just false. Which one is it?

A. Heritable variation exists among the individuals of all kinds (e.g. species).

B. Not all offspring survive to reproductive maturity.

C. The strongest & most powerful individuals in populations always pass on their genes.

D. Survival of individuals is not random. It is based on the possession of attributes (ie. genotypes) that are most useful in creating a 'fit' between the individual and the environment. The degree of this 'fitness' is measured only as future reproductive success.

E. Over many generations, the accumulation and spread of many 'adaptive' (genotypes that increase the 'fitness' of individuals), heritable traits will change the frequency of those same adaptive traits along with numerous others, in a population and species. When a population and, therefore, species (ie. a particular 'kind'), undergoes this process, it will appear to be 're-molded' to a form better matched to the environment.

back 13

C. The strongest & most powerful individuals in populations always pass on their genes.

front 14

Which one of the following is not a factor affecting the gene frequencies of populations?

A. natural selection

B. genetic drift

C. gene flow

D. mutation

E. mating behavior

F. All of these are likely to affect the gene frequencies in a population.

back 14

F. All of these are likely to affect the gene frequencies in a population.

front 15

This is defined as the tendency for gene pools to change strictly by stochastic (randomly determined or chance) events.

A. genetic drift

B. gene flow

C. natural selection

D. fitness

E. phenotype

back 15

A. genetic drift

front 16

Gene flow is the population geneticist's code for ...

A. mutation

B. migration

C. natural selection

D. random mating

E. fertilization

back 16

B. migration

front 17

Most mutations are ...

A. gene flow

B. non-random

C. advantageous to the organism or the population to which it will contribute its genes.

D. disadvantageous to the organism or the population to which it will contribute its genes.

E. events that only create monsters.

back 17

D. disadvantageous to the organism or the population to which it will contribute its genes.

front 18

f the selections listed below, which one is the most likely cause of rapid evolutionary change?

A. natural selection

B. neutral mutations

C. chromosomal rearrangements

D. non-random mating

E. gene flow

back 18

C. chromosomal rearrangements

front 19

What term is defined as: 'when the fitness (advantage) of a specific trait is inversely proportional to its frequency in the population'?

A. natural selection

B. assortative mating

C. inbreeding

D. frequency-dependent selection

E. kin selection

back 19

D. frequency-dependent selection

front 20

Biologically speaking, the tendency for humans to mate with people within their same culture and socioeconomic group (not including relatives) is an example of...

A. assortative mating

B. genetic drift

C. kin selection

D. bigotry

E. frequency-dependent selection

back 20

A. assortative mating

front 21

What is the term for a cultural embodiment of the rational human tendency to seek natural explanations for observed phenomena? It represents an effort to understand the Universe using empirical methods.

back 21

Science

front 22

One of the two fundamental assumptions needed for science: The assumption that facts are real and not constructed by our perceptions. (also it is possible to accurately perceive reality)

back 22

Realism

front 23

One of the two fundamental assumptions needed for science: The assumption that natural phenomena are laws. (also Universal laws are sufficient to explain all phenomena)

back 23

Consistency

front 24

A well tested, highly respected, working explanation of basic natural phenomena. Explains the "how" of something

back 24

Theory

front 25

Term for a concept that is socially constructed by the human mind and is culturally and situationally relative

back 25

Value

front 26

Term for the human nature tendency to seek cororoboration, net negation

back 26

confirmation bias

front 27

An occurrence, circumstance, or fact that is perceptible by the senses

back 27

phenomenon

front 28

Name the three possible meanings of "natural" in order from the essay

back 28

1. Not artificial
2. Not uncommon
3. Not supernatural

front 29

Science comes form the Latin scire which means

back 29

to know

front 30

Science comes from the Indo-European root skei which means

back 30

to cut or split

front 31

The systematic identification, classification, and explanation of things and ideas and the relationships among them is called

back 31

descriptive science

front 32

Which form of natural does this statement refer to? The strange flashes or light seen in the swamp at night are clearly from natural causes.

back 32

3 Supernatural

front 33

Which meaning of the word natural is meant by the definition "Science is the study of natural phenomena"

back 33

3 Not supernatural

front 34

What activity can be considered the cornerstone of all science? How does it relate to the term science?

back 34

Classification. To classify is to cut or split objects into categories.

front 35

What are the 6 steps of the scientific method?

back 35

1. make observation
2. ask questions w.r.t. observations
3. form hypothesis(es)
4. make predictions that would follow if hypothesis is correct
5. verify prediction by either observation or experimentation
6. draw conclusions by analysis

front 36

Term for a postulated solution or working explanation of a problem that needs to be further tested

back 36

Hypothesis

front 37

Can you prove a hypothesis?

back 37

No! You can, however, currently accept a hypothesis as the best explanation or principle thus far examined.

front 38

Term for a sample to which the treatment is not applied but is subject to all other factors that the treated sample is exposed to

back 38

Control group

front 39

Term for a study wherein the participants and/or those taking information from the patients don't know who is receiving treatments

back 39

blinded study

front 40

Study in which those taking the info know who are in the treatment group but the patients do not

back 40

single blind study

front 41

Study in which those taking the info and the patients are both unaware of who is the the treatment group

back 41

double blind study

front 42

When an observation is made repeatedly in different systems and it is always the same under same conditions, the observation is called a ...

back 42

law
(defines the "what" of something)

front 43

Name the term for this statement: Because not all the individuals of a given kind will live to reproduce, probability favors the reproduction of those that have the characteristics or traits most advantageous for survival in their environment

back 43

natural selection

front 44

Name the term for this statement: The heritable change in allele frequencies in a population over time. The changes occur because of either natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, or mutation

back 44

biological evolution (specific definition)

front 45

Name the term for this statement: the changes in the traits of populations within a species causes the populations to substantially diverge from one another possibly causing speciation. The changes can be caused by those listed above and also the processes of hybridization and endosymbiosis.

back 45

biological evolution (general definition)

front 46

Term for the study of gene frequencies in populations and how they are affected by selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and mating behavior

back 46

population genetics

front 47

Term for the tendency for gene pools to change strictly by stochastic (randomly determined) events

back 47

genetic drift

front 48

Genetic drift is most effective when the sample size is ...

back 48

small
1. (think flipping a coin all heads 4 times in a row vs. flipping 1000 times in a row)
2. (think the log falling on a population and destroying all the members with a certain allele)

front 49

Term for when an allele is unopposed in a population

back 49

fixed

front 50

Term for an effect that occurs when a segment of an existing population is separated from the main body of the population.

back 50

Founder effect
(this is an example of genetic drift due to the random nature of the event that set the sub population on such a journey)

front 51

Term for any catastrophic event that reduces the numbers of a population to very low levels also lending itself to genetic drift

back 51

genetic bottleneck
eg. natural disasters, hunting, habitat destruction

front 52

Term for migration either into or out of a population

back 52

gene flow

front 53

If there is low gene flow between two populations, what is likely to occur?

back 53

segregation
(the two populations become almost or completely isolated from one another)

front 54

Complete isolation of a population may lead quickly to...

back 54

speciation

front 55

A change in an organism's DNA is called

back 55

a mutation

front 56

Are mutations random with respect to chromosomes?

back 56

No, there are placed on the chromosomes that are more likely to mutate than others.

front 57

Are mutations random with respect to natural selection?

back 57

Yes they are random. Natural selection cannot direct mutation.

front 58

Most mutations cause...

back 58

loss of function of the mutated gene and are disadvantageous.

front 59

In rare instances, a mutation's loss of function is...

back 59

advantageous

front 60

Mutations that cause a loss of function are the origin of...

back 60

recessive alleles

front 61

Molecular clocks can you what to determine the origin of a species and larger taxonomic groups?

back 61

neutral mutations

front 62

"Instant" species change can occur from what

back 62

mutations of whole chromosomes. (rearrangements with regard to their constitution and number)

front 63

Type of mating behavior where individuals mate with others that are closely related. If widespread this quickly reduces genetic varitation.

back 63

Inbreeding. (ultimate height of inbreeding is selfing or self fertilization)

front 64

Inbreeding reduces BLANK and promotes BLANK

back 64

reduces heterozygosity
promotes homozygosity

front 65

Type of mating behavior where individuals select mates based on their characteristics. (Those that have appealing characteristics are chosen more often as mates)

back 65

Assortive mating

front 66

Type of selection that when a trait is rare, it is favored by selection and when it is common it is at a disadvantage.

back 66

Frequency-dependent selection

front 67

Type of selection that is the altruistic behavior of an organism that may benefit relatives and thereby increase its and its relatives' survival.

back 67

Kin selection

front 68

Type of selection in which there are differential abilities of individuals to acquire mates in competition with other individuals of the same sex and this directly leads to the change in allele frequencies over time.

back 68

Sexual selection

Can be based on morphological, biochemical, or behavioral traits.

Can also be improved opposite sex preference

front 69

Sexual selection often leads to BLANK.

The differences between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females.

back 69

Sexual dimorphism

front 70

(Support of evolution)
The study of the geographical and habitat distributions of organisms and the historical and biological factors which produced them

back 70

biogeography

front 71

Why don't multiple islands have identical species as related to biogeography?

back 71

island species came from mainland populations that migrated the the island and that they genetically diverged from their ancestors on the mainland.

front 72

(Support of evolution)
Device used to determine species to be related based on fossil evidence. Often times showing transitional forms.

back 72

Fossil record
(Transitional forms may not exist in events of chromosomal mutations)

front 73

(Support of evolution)
Comparison of morphology between taxa.

back 73

comparitive anatomy

front 74

Body parts of differing species that due to ancestry have similarity of structure but not always function

back 74

Homologous structures

front 75

Organs or structures that completely lack function in an organism but not in the organism's ancestors.

back 75

vestigial organs

front 76

(Support of evolution)
Comparing the tissues of different animals as they develop is called...

back 76

Comparative Embryology

front 77

What have comparative embryologists noted?

back 77

Certain taxa go through very similar stages of development. (Vertebrates have a gill pouch stage whether or not they ultimately develop gills)

front 78

All the genes that have to be turned on to complete the formation of some body part

back 78

developmental cascade

front 79

Distantly related species share similar basic body plan development because of these two things

back 79

1. shared master developmental genes
2. shared developmental cascades

front 80

Study of molecular genetics, embryology and evolution has led to a new hybrid discipline of biology called

back 80

evolutionary developmental biology
evo-devo

front 81

(support of evolution)
Division of science that makes note of the conservation of certain genes and/or gene segments and the proteins that they produce across distant taxa

back 81

molecular biology

front 82

DNA segments within larger genes that turn on or off other genes during development and are found in numerous related taxa. They are conserved sequences across taxa.

back 82

Homeobox genes.
(All Homeobox genes are developmental genes but not all developmental genes are homeobox genes)

front 83

Homeobox gene that when turned on by another upstream gene creates "spots". The spots produce outward projections called limbs.

back 83

distal-less

front 84

a particular genotype is measured by how much it spreads in the next generation relative to another genotype. Purely based on offspring produced. This is called...

back 84

relative fitness

front 85

The differences in or between populations of a species.

back 85

Variation

front 86

If there is more than one phenotype for a trait, then the trait is...

back 86

polymorphic

front 87

If there is only one phenotype for a trait in a population or species, then that trait is...

back 87

monomorphic

front 88

Term that describes the concept that most traits are produced from multiple genes

back 88

polygenic inheritance

front 89

Type of selection that occurs when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotype range, thereby shifting a population's frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction or the other. Common when the environment changes.

back 89

Directional Selection

front 90

Type of selection where the mean doesn't shift but increases in frequency. The frequency of the extreme frequencies are reduced.

back 90

Stabilizing Selection

front 91

Type of selection that favors the extreme phenotypes. The mean stays the same but the number of individuals at the mean decrease.

back 91

Disruptive Selection

front 92

Definition 1: A BLANK can be defined based on its reproductive isolation

back 92

species
(problem is some species do make viable offspring, ie. hybridize)

front 93

Definition 2: A BLANK can be defined based on its phenotypes or morphology

back 93

species
(more accepted, but where to draw the morphological separation is not always clear)

front 94

Definition 3: A BLANK is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are generally reproductively isolated from other such groups.

back 94

species
(best definition)

front 95

Four ways speciation can come about

back 95

1. accumulation of many gene changes
2. small number of gene changes that have occured to developmental genes
3. hybridization (mating between species)
4. endosymbiosis (acquisition of a genome by a host

front 96

The physical splitting of one genome into two via geographic barriers and then the accumulation of mutations in the 2 separate groups producing speciation.

back 96

allopatric speciation

front 97

One genome can split into two via a reproductive barrier that is not caused by geographic separation in a process called

back 97

sympatric speciation
(could be due to timing such as early bloomers)
or
(could be due to chromosome number)

front 98

Term for when a species increases its chromosome sets and there is now variation in chromosome sets

back 98

autopolyploidy
(a form of sympatric speciation)

front 99

Term for an increase in chromosome number that has been preceded by hybridization

back 99

allopolyploidy
(a form of sympatric speciation)

front 100

Sympatric speciation can occur via these three ways...

back 100

1. reproductive barriers forming, via mutations that allow some individuals to diverge from the populations genome.

2. autopolyploidy

3. allopolyploidy

front 101

If a small number of mutations occur to developmental genes, that can cause...

back 101

speciation

front 102

Retaining juvenile traits but having sexual maturity is called...

back 102

neoteny

front 103

When two separate species successfully make offspring (hybridize), that causes...

back 103

speciation

front 104

Hybridization occurs most often in what two situations?

back 104

Where pollen is spread by the wind
Where gametes are let loose in water

front 105

The close, intimate (on or inside another) association between 2 different species of organisms.

back 105

Symbiosis

front 106

Smaller body in symbiosis that lives on or in the larger is called the

back 106

Symbiont

(The larger body is the host)

front 107

Symbioses in which the symbiont lives upon the internal or external body surfaces of the host is called

back 107

ectosymbiosis

front 108

Symbioses in which the symbiont lives inside the host cells and is called

back 108

endosymbiosis

front 109

What are the three organelles thought to have endosymbiont origins?

back 109

1. mitochondria
2. plastids
3. kinetosomes

front 110

What are the three pieces of evidence to support the endosymbiont theory?

back 110

1. Mitochondria and Plastids have a double membrane
2. Have their own DNA
3. Mitochondria and Plastids have their own ribosomes

front 111

Species 1 has a population that is rather small (8 individuals). In this population there are only 2 individuals that are ‘Aa’ and 6 are ‘AA’. Suppose further, that by chance, the 2 ‘Aa’ don’t mate with each other and instead they mate with the AA individuals. Question: What is the chance that an Aa individual crossed to a AA individual could make AA offspring? [note: don't over-think; this is a simple genetics cross; gets more difficult in following questions]

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 75%

E. 100%

back 111

C. 50%

front 112

Species 1 has a population that is rather small (8 individuals). In this population there are only 2 individuals that are ‘Aa’ and 6 are ‘AA’. Suppose further, that by chance, the 2 ‘Aa’ don’t mate with each other and instead they each mate, only one time each, with an AA individual. [O.K. this is really a continuation of #1 above]
Let's next, suppose that the 2 separate AaxAA crosses produced only AA offspring and the parents died after this single mating. Also, the AA parents mated once to each other and died after the mating. Thus, the ‘a’ allele is lost this population. The loss of the ‘a’ allele, under these circumstances, in this population and the subsequent population having only A, has come about because of :
[i.e. what term, out of the selections below, best describes a mechanism whereby the population is now 'fixed' at dominant alllele ('A') for the A trait.]

a synopsis for this problem:
Aa x AA = 1 offspring that is AA;
Aa x AA = 1 offspring that is AA;
all others are AA x AA = all AA offspring
A. gene flow

B. genetic drift

C. frequency dependent selection

D. inbreeding

E. assortative mating

F. directional selection

G. stabilizing selection

H. disruptive (diversifying) selection

I. kin selection

J. sexual selection

back 112

B. genetic drift

front 113

Species 2 has a population that is rather small (10 individuals). In this population there are only 2 individuals that are ‘aa’ and 8 are ‘AA’. Suppose further, the 2 ‘aa’ perish in a hurricane before ever getting a chance mate. The loss of the ‘a’ allele in this population has come about because of:

A. gene flow

B. genetic drift

C. frequency dependent selection

D. inbreeding

E. assortative mating

F. directional selection

G. stabilizing selection

H. disruptive (diversifying) selection

I. kin selection

J. sexual selection

back 113

B. genetic drift

front 114

Suppose a population of: AA, Aa, aa individuals each with their own separate phenotype (i.e. 3 phenotypes total).
Question: Suppose that the ‘aa’ individuals were more cold tolerant and left more offspring than the other genotypes. In a cold environment, would you expect the relative fitness of ‘aa’ individuals to be higher or lower than the others genotypes?

A. higher

B. lower

back 114

A. higher

front 115

The scenario detailed in previous question is indicative of:

A. gene flow for cold tolerance

B. genetic drift for cold tolerance

C. natural selection for cold tolerance

D. evo-devo for cold tolerance

E. assortative mating for cold tolerance

back 115

C. natural selection for cold tolerance

front 116

Suppose a population wherein males have a green necks. Recently, those males that have darker green necks are more often chosen by females (always drab light brown) for mating. Those males with lighter green necks are chosen less often. Question: females CHOOSING and MATING with (both behaviours) males with darker green colored necks is an example of:
A. gene flow

B. genetic drift

C. frequency dependent selection

D. inbreeding

E. assortative mating

F. directional selection

G. stabilizing selection

H. disruptive (diversifying) selection

I. kin selection

back 116

E. assortative mating

front 117

Suppose a population of an species wherein the males have a green necks. Recently, those males that have darker green necks are more often chosen by females for mating. Those with lighter green necks are chosen less often for mating. Additionally, all male offspring, produced from the matings of females with dark green necked males, have dark green necks. [note: this is same background as previous question]

If females continue mating disproportionately with dark necked males, the dark neck phenotype will increase in frequency in the population. The TYPE of selection that would be increasing dark green necked individuals in this population would be correctly termed:

A. gene flow

B. genetic drift

C. frequency dependent selection

D. inbreeding

E. assortative mating

F. directional selection

G. stabilizing selection

H. disruptive (diversifying) selection

I. kin selection

J. sexual selection

back 117

J. sexual selection

front 118

Suppose a population of an species wherein the males have a green necks. Recently, those males that have darker green necks are more often chosen by females for mating. Those with lighter green necks are chosen less often for mating. Additionally, all male offspring, produced from the matings of females with dark green necked males, have dark green necks. [note: this is same background as previous question]

If females continue mating disproportionately with dark necked males, the dark neck phenotype will increase in the population. The MODE of selection that would be increasing dark green necked individuals in this population would be correctly termed:

A. gene flow

B. genetic drift

C. frequency dependent selection

D. inbreeding

E. assortative mating

F. directional selection

G. stabilizing selection

H. disruptive (diversifying) selection

I. kin selection

J. sexual selection

back 118

F. directional selection

front 119

What term is defined as ‘a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are generally reproductively isolated from other such groups’?

A. neoteny

B. species

C. population

D. sympatry

E. allopatry

F. autopolyploidy

G. allopolyploidy

back 119

B. species

front 120

The limitation of (or problem with) the Biological Species concept is:

A. doesn’t allow for sympatry

B. doesn’t allow for drift

C. doesn’t allow for drift

D. doesn’t allow for reproductive barriers

E. doesn’t allow hybridization

back 120

E. doesn’t allow hybridization

front 121

As listed in this week’s lecture, which one of the following cannot produce speciation?

A. neutral mutations

B. a few mutations of developmental genes

C. many mutations of non-developmental genes

D. endosymbiosis

E. hybridization

back 121

A. neutral mutations

front 122

Suppose a population that covers an area of 1 square mile. Next suppose that a major highway is put right through the center of the population dividing it into 2 populations that, although doing well, can no longer mate with each other. If over time, the 2 separated populations accumulate enough phenotypic differences to be considered 2 species, what type of speciation would this be called?

A. hybridization

B. symbiosis

C. sympatric speciation

D. allopatric speciation

E. b & c

back 122

D. allopatric speciation

front 123

If a species increases its chromosome sets so that there is now variation in chromosome sets without hybridization directly preceding it, it is called:

A. allopatry

B. neoteny

C. ploidy

D. allopolyploidy

E. autopolyploidy

back 123

E. autopolyploidy

front 124

When individuals from two different species successfully make offspring it is called:

A. disruptive selection

B. allopatry

C. neoteny

D. genetic drift

E. hybridization

back 124

E. hybridization

front 125

Which one of the following will not produce sympatric speciation?

A. reproductive barriers forming (from mutation) that allow some individuals to diverge from the rest of the population’s genome

B. autopolyploidy

C. hybridization

D. allopolyploidy

back 125

C. hybridization

front 126

What are the 3 organelles thought to have an endosymbiont origin?

A. mitochondria, plastids, and kinetosomes

B. ribosomes, golgi , and nucleus

C. ribosomes, cell membrane, and plastids

D. mitochondria, golgi, nucleus

E. stroma, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi

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A. mitochondria, plastids, and kinetosomes

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Which one of the following is not evidence* in support of the endosymbiont theory?

* note that a statement may be true but, it is not evidentiary (i.e not evidence) if it doesn't support or lend credence to the idea it is linked to. For example, the fact that I have brown hair is not evidence in support of the statement (ie. evidentiary) that I am a female. The statement is true but, it doesn't support the contention that I am female.

A. mitochondria have their own DNA (small, looped)

B. chloroplasts have photopigments

C. chloroplasts and eukaryotic flagella have their own DNA (small, looped)

D. chloroplasts have their own ribosomes (which resemble bacterial ribosomes)

E. mitochondria have their own ribosomes (which resemble bacterial ribosomes)

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B. chloroplasts have photopigments