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Microbiology Lecture - Chapter 17 Adaptive Immunity-Specific Defenses of the host

front 1

Characteristics of adaptive immunity

back 1

slower than innate
memory
specific
response depends on specific foreign entity
acquired (based on exposure)
Two components humoral and cellular

front 2

Third line of defense is?

back 2

Specialized lymphocytes:
T cells and B cells
Antibodies

front 3

Why is the adaptive immune system slower than the innate?

back 3

because it has to process what the foreign substance is that it is coming across in order to produce antibodies
produces antibodies in the whole body to fight off same microbe in the future

front 4

The humoral component has to do with__________.
The cellular component is __________.

back 4

antibodies
lymphocytes

front 5

Source of lymphocytes

back 5

Stem cells- before birth/liver
after birth/bone marrow
Stem cell differentiation- bone marrow (B cells)
thymus (T cells)
Stem cell migration- B and T cells migrate to lymphoid tissues and blood

front 6

Antigens are:

back 6

antibody generators
Not all can induce the immune system response
substances that cause the production of antibodies
typically a protein or polysaacharide (sugar)
molecular fragments on surface of foreign entities
-viruses
-microbes
-pollen

front 7

Antibodies:

back 7

protein structures
produced by B cells (plasma cells)
recognize and bind to a specific antigen
-bind to a particular region on a molecular fragment (epitope)

front 8

Bacterial antigens can be found on:

back 8

cell walls
flagella
pilli

front 9

Antigens may have several epitopes. Epitopes are a region on an _______ and a binding site for ______.

back 9

antigens
antibody
an antibody binding to an epitope can turn the complementary system on

front 10

Haptens are ________________.

back 10

Are epitopes that are too small to induce an immune response it needs a carrier molecule
antigen of low molecular weight

front 11

Antibodies are also called

back 11

immunoglobulins

front 12

Antibodies are ______________.

back 12

globular soluble protein molecules
are present in body fluids such as milk, serum and gastric secretions

front 13

There are 5 major classes of antibodies they are

back 13

G- IgG Most common circlating
M- IgM
A- IgA
D- IgD
E- IgE

front 14

Structure of an antibody:

back 14

4 chains- 2 heavy and 2 light
the disulfide bridge holds the 2 pieces together
the body is the stem
the variable light and variable heavy bind to the epitope

front 15

B cells function

back 15

antibodies and memory cells

front 16

What is MHC?

back 16

major histo compatibility complex

front 17

True or false B cells have antibodies on the surface?

back 17

true

front 18

B cells become activated when________ bind to ______ .

back 18

antibodies
antigens

front 19

Antigen fragments bind to MHC. The MHC displays the fragments to __________ .

back 19

immune system

front 20

The MHC goes outside the B cell and tells the immune system

back 20

this piece I am holding out is foreign but do not destroy the B cell that is self

front 21

B cells sometimes require help from?

back 21

T cells known as 'helper' T cells

front 22

The T helper cell binds to the MHC antigen complex which does the following:

back 22

activates the T cell----> cytokine (chemical signal) ----> further activates B cell -----> make memory cells and mass produce antibodies

front 23

Plasma cells are

back 23

short lived
produce antibodies
antibodies are then released into the blood stream

front 24

Memory cells are

back 24

long lived
secondary response to an antigen

front 25

What are other antigen producing cells?

back 25

dendritic cells
macrophages

front 26

Agglutination is

back 26

reduces the number of infectious units to be dealt with

front 27

opsinization

back 27

highlighter flags antigen for the immune system-coating antigen w antibody

front 28

Neutralization

back 28

the microbe is covered and can't adhere to the cell wall

front 29

activation of complement system

back 29

causes inflammation and cell lysis

front 30

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

back 30

lysis the cell from outside- helminths, parasites