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Summer Immuno Lecture 8

front 1 A naive CD4+ T cell is activated in a tissue environment rich in TGF-beta and later dampens inflammation. What cell type has it become? A. Th17 cell B. Tfh cell C. iTreg cell D. CTL cell	back 1 C. iTreg cell
front 2 Inducible regulatory T cells arise from which precursor population? A. Naive Th cells B. Mature plasma cells C. Activated NK cells D. Marginal-zone B cells	back 2 A. Naive Th cells
front 3 Which cytokine-rich environment favors inducible Treg formation? A. IL-2 rich B. IL-12 rich C. IFN-gamma rich D. TGF-beta rich	back 3 D. TGF-beta rich
front 4 iTregs are considered regulatory because they produce cytokines that do what? A. Recruit neutrophils strongly B. Restrain immune responses C. Increase antigen presentation D. Stimulate CTL killing	back 4 B. Restrain immune responses

front 5 Which cytokine pair is classically produced by iTregs in this material? A. IL-4 and IL-5 B. IL-17 and IL-23 C. IL-10 and TGF-beta D. TNF and IFN-gamma	back 5 C. IL-10 and TGF-beta
front 6 IL-10 binds receptors on APCs and reduces expression of which immune-sensing molecules? A. PRRs B. FasL C. CD40L D. IgE	back 6 A. PRRs
front 7 A macrophage exposed to IL-10 becomes harder to activate. Which mechanism best explains this? A. Increased B7 expression B. Increased Fas sensitivity C. Increased CD28 signaling D. Reduced PRR expression	back 7 D. Reduced PRR expression
front 8 IL-10 binding to APCs also reduces which co-stimulatory molecule family? A. CD40L B. B7 C. Fas D. TLR9	back 8 B. B7

front 9 A patient overproduces IL-10 during infection. Which APC change would most impair naive T-cell activation? A. Increased PRR expression B. Increased antigen release C. Reduced Fas receptor D. Reduced B7 expression	back 9 D. Reduced B7 expression
front 10 TGF-beta dampens T-cell responses by reducing which T-cell property? A. Proliferation rate B. Antigen affinity C. BCR crosslinking D. Complement binding	back 10 A. Proliferation rate
front 11 TGF-beta reduces the effectiveness of which effector lymphocyte group? A. Helper B cells B. Follicular dendritic cells C. Killer T cells D. Marginal-zone B cells	back 11 C. Killer T cells
front 12 As an immune battle is won, immune activation decreases partly because less of what remains? A. Host MHC B. Foreign antigen C. Plasma antibody D. Naive lymphocytes	back 12 B. Foreign antigen

front 13 Reduced foreign antigen after pathogen clearance decreases activation of which systems? A. Coagulation and fibrinolysis B. Complement and clotting C. Platelets and endothelium D. Innate and adaptive	back 13 D. Innate and adaptive
front 14 A virgin T cell contains many checkpoint receptor proteins in its cytoplasm before activation. Which protein is this? A. CTLA-4 B. PD-L1 C. B7 D. ICOSL	back 14 A. CTLA-4
front 15 After activation, CTLA-4 begins moving to the T-cell surface after approximately how long? A. 30 minutes B. 6 weeks C. 2 days D. 1 week	back 15 C. 2 days
front 16 B7 proteins on APCs bind which inhibitory receptor with very high affinity? A. CD28 B. CTLA-4 C. Fas D. PD-L1	back 16 B. CTLA-4

front 17 Compared with CD28, B7 has approximately how much greater affinity for CTLA-4? A. 1000-fold B. 10-fold C. 2-fold D. Equal affinity	back 17 A. 1000-fold
front 18 CTLA-4 dampens T-cell activation by outcompeting which activation receptor? A. Fas receptor B. PD-1 C. ICOS D. CD28	back 18 D. CD28
front 19 Early in naive T-cell activation, B7 binding to CD28 primarily provides what signal? A. Apoptotic signal B. Trafficking signal C. Activation signal D. Antibody signal	back 19 C. Activation signal
front 20 As CTLA-4 increases on the T-cell surface, the T cell becomes progressively what? A. More cytotoxic B. Less activated C. More chemotactic D. Less antigen-specific	back 20 B. Less activated

front 21 Shortly after T-cell activation, another inhibitory receptor is upregulated. Which receptor is this? A. PD-1 B. PD-L1 C. CD40 D. GlyCAM-1	back 21 A. PD-1
front 22 The ligand for PD-1 is which molecule? A. CD28 B. B7 C. PD-L1 D. FasL	back 22 C. PD-L1
front 23 PD-L1 appears on the surface of which tissues? A. Resting bone marrow B. Thymic cortex C. Germinal centers D. Inflamed tissues	back 23 D. Inflamed tissues
front 24 PD-L1 restrains activated T cells that have been working for what duration? A. Before antigen exposure B. For some time C. Only minutes D. Since thymic selection	back 24 B. For some time

front 25 CTLA-4 and PD-1 are collectively called what? A. Checkpoint proteins B. Chemokine receptors C. Adhesion molecules D. Pattern receptors	back 25 A. Checkpoint proteins
front 26 Checkpoint proteins help do what as an immune battle winds down? A. Activate naive T cells B. Recruit neutrophils C. Crosslink BCRs D. Decommission T cells	back 26 D. Decommission T cells
front 27 Immune weapons help ramp down quickly after victory because many have what property? A. Short half-lives B. Permanent activation C. Long telomeres D. High antigen affinity	back 27 A. Short half-lives
front 28 Neutrophils have a typical half-life of approximately what duration? A. 30 minutes B. 6 weeks C. 5 days D. A few days	back 28 D. A few days

front 29 NK cells have a typical half-life of approximately what duration? A. A few hours B. 1 week C. 6 weeks D. 2 days	back 29 B. 1 week
front 30 Activated macrophages are maintained by IFN-gamma produced mainly by which cells here? A. Plasma B cells B. Dendritic cells C. NK cells D. Naive T cells	back 30 C. NK cells
front 31 When NK cells die off, activated macrophages tend to do what? A. Return to resting state B. Become plasma cells C. Enter germinal centers D. Express CTLA-4	back 31 A. Return to resting state
front 32 Dendritic cells live approximately how long after reaching a lymph node? A. 2 days B. 5 days C. 6 weeks D. 1 week	back 32 D. 1 week

front 33 Plasma B cells die off after approximately how long of labor? A. 30 minutes B. 5 days C. 1 week D. 6 weeks	back 33 B. 5 days
front 34 T cells require a special shutdown pathway partly because they naturally have what property? A. Short half-life B. No Fas receptor C. Long lifespan D. No antigen receptor	back 34 C. Long lifespan
front 35 The natural apoptosis pathway limiting repeatedly activated T cells is called what? A. AICD B. ADCC C. DTH D. MALT	back 35 A. AICD
front 36 AICD stands for which process? A. Antigen-independent clonal division B. Adaptive immune cell deletion C. Antibody-induced complement destruction D. Activation-induced cell death	back 36 C. Antibody-induced complement destruction

front 37 CTLs express which ligand that binds death receptors on target cells? A. CD40L B. Fas ligand C. PD-L1 D. ICOSL	back 37 B. Fas ligand
front 38 Fas ligand on CTLs plugs into which receptor on target cells? A. CD28 B. CTLA-4 C. Fas D. B7	back 38 C. Fas
front 39 Virgin T cells are initially how responsive to Fas self-ligation? A. Highly sensitive B. Partially cytotoxic C. Permanently apoptotic D. Insensitive	back 39 D. Insensitive
front 40 After repeated activation and reactivation, T cells become more sensitive to what? A. Fas self-ligation B. BCR crosslinking C. Complement opsonization D. CXCL13 migration	back 40 A. Fas self-ligation

front 41 A repeatedly activated T cell dies when its own FasL binds its own Fas receptor. What process is this? A. Somatic hypermutation B. Self-ligation apoptosis C. Antigen plucking D. Class switching	back 41 B. Self-ligation apoptosis
front 42 A repeatedly activated T cell is killed when FasL on another T cell binds its Fas receptor. Which pathway is involved? A. PD-1 blockade B. CTLA-4 competition C. Fas-mediated AICD D. B7-mediated priming	back 42 C. Fas-mediated AICD
front 43 Once an invader is destroyed, approximately what fraction of responding T cells die off? A. More than 90% B. About 5% C. Nearly 50% D. Less than 10%	back 43 A. More than 90%
front 44 Which mechanism most directly explains massive T-cell contraction after pathogen clearance? A. AICD through Fas B. BCR crosslinking failure C. Complement-mediated lysis D. M-cell antigen sampling	back 44 A. AICD through Fas

front 45 Which molecule most directly reduces APC co-stimulation? A. IL-10 B. IL-2 C. IL-17 D. IFN-gamma	back 45 A. IL-10
front 46 Which molecule most directly reduces T-cell proliferation? A. TNF B. IL-4 C. TGF-beta D. IL-5	back 46 C. TGF-beta
front 47 Which mechanism best explains why activated macrophages stop fighting after NK cells decline? A. Loss of IFN-gamma support B. Increased BCR crosslinking C. Increased plasma-cell labor D. Loss of CTLA-4 storage	back 47 A. Loss of IFN-gamma support