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Summer Immuno Lecture 5

front 1 T-cell receptors come in which two major types? A. CD4 and CD8 B. αβ and γδ C. Igα and Igβ D. Class I and II	back 1 B. αβ and γδ
front 2 B cells and T cells both use which proteins to initiate receptor gene rearrangement? A. TAP1 and TAP2 B. CD3 and CD28 C. LMP2 and LMP7 D. RAG1 and RAG2	back 2 D. RAG1 and RAG2
front 3 Over 95% of circulating T cells carry which TCR type? A. αβ TCR B. γδ TCR C. CD1 TCR D. NK-like TCR	back 3 A. αβ TCR
front 4 Most circulating αβ T cells also express which co-receptor pattern? A. Both CD4 and CD8 B. Neither CD4 nor CD8 C. Either CD4 or CD8 D. CD3 without co-receptors	back 4 C. Either CD4 or CD8

front 5 A T cell recognizes peptide displayed on an MHC molecule. Which receptor type most likely did this? A. γδ TCR B. αβ TCR C. BCR D. CD1 receptor	back 5 B. αβ TCR
front 6 Unlike B cells, T cells cannot improve receptor affinity by which process? A. Hypermutation B. Crosslinking C. Co-stimulation D. Productive rearrangement	back 6 A. Hypermutation
front 7 γδ T cells are considered nontraditional because they generally lack what? A. CD3 signaling proteins B. Rearranged receptors C. Surface TCRs D. CD4 or CD8	back 7 D. CD4 or CD8
front 8 γδ T cells are most abundant in which locations? A. Deep sterile organs B. Bone marrow sinusoids C. Barrier-contact tissues D. Fetal bloodstream only	back 8 C. Barrier-contact tissues

front 9 Which site is especially rich in γδ T cells? A. Intestine B. Kidney cortex C. Cardiac muscle D. Brain parenchyma	back 9 A. Intestine
front 10 Compared with αβ TCRs and BCRs, γδ receptors are generally what? A. More polymorphic B. More hypermutated C. More antibody-like D. Less diverse	back 10 D. Less diverse
front 11 γδ TCR rearrangement tends to favor what? A. Random Fc regions B. Certain gene segments C. Complement proteins D. CD40L expression	back 11 B. Certain gene segments
front 12 A nontraditional T cell has both T-cell and NK-cell properties. What is it? A. γδ T cell B. Regulatory T cell C. NKT cell D. Plasma T cell	back 12 C. NKT cell

front 13 NKT cells resemble traditional T cells because they have which receptor type? A. γδ receptors B. B-cell receptors C. IgE receptors D. αβ receptors	back 13 D. αβ receptors
front 14 NKT cells resemble NK cells because they share what? A. NK-like properties B. BCR signaling C. IgA secretion D. CD40 expression	back 14 A. NK-like properties
front 15 NKT receptors can recognize which antigen class? A. Proteins B. Carbohydrates C. Lipids D. Nucleic acids	back 15 C. Lipids
front 16 NKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by which molecule? A. Class I MHC B. CD1 C. Class II MHC D. C1 complex	back 16 B. CD1

front 17 NKT cells differ from conventional αβ T cells because NKT cells recognize lipids instead of what? A. Protein fragments B. C3 fragments C. Antibody Fc regions D. Histamine products	back 17 A. Protein fragments
front 18 The αβ TCR extracellular domain primarily does what? A. Signals nucleus directly B. Degrades antigen C. Binds its ligand D. Produces cytokines	back 18 C. Binds its ligand
front 19 Why does the αβ TCR require accessory signaling proteins? A. It lacks antigen specificity B. Its ligand is soluble C. It cannot bind MHC D. Its cytoplasmic tails are short	back 19 D. Its cytoplasmic tails are short
front 20 The TCR signaling complex is called what? A. CD28 B. CD3 C. CD40 D. CD1	back 20 B. CD3

front 21 The CD3 complex contains which protein set? A. α, β, μ, κ B. CD4, CD8, CD28 C. γ, δ, ε, ζ D. HLA-A, B, C	back 21 C. γ, δ, ε, ζ
front 22 The γ and δ chains in CD3 should not be confused with what? A. γδ TCR chains B. IgG subclasses C. CD4 co-receptors D. MHC II chains	back 22 A. γδ TCR chains
front 23 Like BCRs, TCRs often require what for strong signaling? A. Antibody secretion B. Complement fixation C. Hypermutation D. Crosslinking	back 23 D. Crosslinking
front 24 TCR clustering occurs on which part of the T cell? A. Nuclear membrane B. Cell surface C. Mitochondrial matrix D. ER lumen	back 24 B. Cell surface

front 25 In the thymus, strong recognition of self peptide-MHC triggers what? A. T-cell suicide B. T-cell activation C. T-cell anergy D. T-cell class switching	back 25 A. T-cell suicide
front 26 Thymic suicide of self-reactive T cells helps prevent what? A. Viral entry B. Antibody production C. Autoimmunity D. Complement fixation	back 26 C. Autoimmunity
front 27 A mature T cell recognizes antigen-MHC but receives no co-stimulation. What may occur? A. Hypermutation B. Anergy C. Class switching D. ADCC	back 27 B. Anergy
front 28 T-cell anergy is best described as functional what? A. Activation B. Expansion C. Memory formation D. Neutering	back 28 D. Neutering

front 29 A TCR receives cognate antigen plus co-stimulation. What occurs? A. Deletion B. Anergy C. Activation D. Receptor editing	back 29 C. Activation
front 30 TCR signaling in the thymus differs because it tests mainly for what? A. Foreign antigen strength B. Complement fixation C. B-cell help D. Self-reactivity	back 30 D. Self-reactivity
front 31 Later in life, TCR recognition without co-stimulation helps prevent what? A. Peptide loading B. Improper activation C. CD3 expression D. MHC formation	back 31 B. Improper activation
front 32 Helper and killer T cells remain matched to correct MHC classes using what? A. CD4/CD8 co-receptors B. Igα/Igβ proteins C. C3b receptors D. Fas ligand	back 32 A. CD4/CD8 co-receptors

front 33 CD4 co-receptors bind which MHC class? A. Class I MHC B. CD1 molecules C. Nonclassical MHC D. Class II MHC	back 33 D. Class II MHC
front 34 CD8 co-receptors bind which MHC class? A. Class II MHC B. CD1 molecules C. Class I MHC D. Invariant chain	back 34 C. Class I MHC
front 35 A developing thymocyte expresses both CD4 and CD8. What is it called? A. Single-positive B. Double-negative C. Double-positive D. Fully anergized	back 35 C. Double-positive
front 36 Mature T cells usually become what after MHC-specific selection? A. Double-positive B. Double-negative C. Triple-positive D. Single-positive	back 36 D. Single-positive

front 37 If CD4 is activated during thymic maturation, what happens to CD8? A. It is downregulated B. It becomes CD3 C. It binds CD1 D. It hypermutates	back 37 A. It is downregulated
front 38 If CD8 is activated during thymic maturation, what happens to CD4? A. It becomes CD40L B. It remains coexpressed forever C. It is downregulated D. It binds β2-microglobulin	back 38 C. It is downregulated
front 39 A cell with CD8 is most consistent with which T-cell function? A. Killer T-cell function B. Helper T-cell function C. B-cell activation only D. Mast-cell degranulation	back 39 A. Killer T-cell function
front 40 A cell with CD4 is most consistent with which T-cell function? A. NK-like cytotoxicity B. γδ barrier surveillance C. B-cell receptor signaling D. Helper T-cell function	back 40 D. Helper T-cell function

front 41 A T cell lacks CD4 and CD8 but has a TCR. Which T-cell type best fits? A. αβ T cell B. γδ T cell C. Helper T cell D. CTL	back 41 B. γδ T cell
front 42 A T cell recognizes peptide-MHC and expresses CD8. Which receptor type is most likely? A. γδ TCR B. NKT lipid receptor C. αβ TCR D. BCR	back 42 C. αβ TCR
front 43 A mucosal T cell lacks CD4/CD8 and uses limited receptor diversity. What is most likely? A. Helper T cell B. Cytotoxic αβ T cell C. Plasma B cell D. γδ T cell	back 43 D. γδ T cell
front 44 Which molecules initiate gene-segment splicing in both B and T cells? A. CD4 and CD8 B. CD40 and CD40L C. RAG1 and RAG2 D. B7 and CD28	back 44 C. RAG1 and RAG2

front 45 Productive rearrangement in lymphocytes depends on mix-and-match splicing of what? A. Gene segments B. Fc regions C. C1 inhibitors D. MHC grooves	back 45 A. Gene segments
front 46 T cells cannot alter TCR affinity later because they lack what process? A. Co-stimulation B. Somatic hypermutation C. CD3 signaling D. RAG rearrangement	back 46 B. Somatic hypermutation
front 47 T-cell co-stimulation commonly occurs when APC B7 binds which T-cell receptor? A. CD28 B. CD40 C. CD4 D. CD8	back 47 A. CD28
front 48 Which APC surface protein provides classic T-cell co-stimulation? A. CD3 B. CD40L C. B7 D. TCR	back 48 C. B7

front 49 A naive T cell receives TCR crosslinking but no B7-CD28 signal. Which signal is missing? A. Antigen signal B. Co-stimulation C. MHC recognition D. TCR clustering	back 49 B. Co-stimulation
front 50 Once a naive T cell becomes experienced, the TCR-nucleus connection becomes what? A. Weaker B. Deleted C. Unchanged D. Strengthened	back 50 D. Strengthened
front 51 Experienced T cells require less co-stimulation because signaling to the nucleus is more what? A. Random B. Efficient C. Antibody-dependent D. MHC-independent	back 51 B. Efficient
front 52 A helper T cell recognizes antigen on an activated dendritic cell. What first helps keep the cells close? A. Complement fragments B. Soluble antibodies C. Perforin pores D. Adhesion molecules	back 52 D. Adhesion molecules

front 53 During helper T-cell activation, CD4 clips onto which dendritic-cell molecule? A. Class I MHC B. CD28 C. Class II MHC D. CD40L	back 53 C. Class II MHC
front 54 TCR binding to MHC-peptide causes further upregulation of what? A. Fas ligand B. Adhesion molecules C. IgE receptors D. Complement proteins	back 54 B. Adhesion molecules
front 55 Increased adhesion after TCR engagement mainly causes the two cells to become what? A. More tightly attached B. Less responsive C. Antibody coated D. Fully separated	back 55 A. More tightly attached
front 56 Clustering of TCRs and adhesion molecules creates which structure? A. Germinal center B. Phagolysosome C. Immunological synapse D. Complement pore	back 56 C. Immunological synapse

front 57 The immunological synapse forms at which location? A. Inside the nucleus B. In the thymic cortex C. T cell-APC contact point D. Inside the lysosome	back 57 C. T cell-APC contact point
front 58 Engagement of helper T-cell TCRs upregulates which surface protein? A. CD40L B. CD28 C. B7 D. CD8	back 58 A. CD40L
front 59 CD40L appears on which cell during dendritic-cell interaction? A. Dendritic cell B. Macrophage C. Bacterium D. T cell	back 59 D. T cell
front 60 CD40L binds which protein on the dendritic cell? A. CD28 B. CD40 C. CD4 D. CD8	back 60 B. CD40

front 61 CD40 is found on which cell in this interaction? A. Dendritic cell B. Helper T cell C. Killer T cell D. Neutrophil	back 61 A. Dendritic cell
front 62 CD40-CD40L binding increases dendritic-cell expression of what? A. MHC destruction proteins B. Antibody receptors C. Co-stimulatory molecules D. Complement inhibitors	back 62 C. Co-stimulatory molecules
front 63 CD40 engagement helps the dendritic cell do what? A. Lose all MHC B. Become an antibody C. Stop activating T cells D. Live longer	back 63 D. Live longer
front 64 Why does increased dendritic-cell lifespan matter? A. It stops antigen display B. It activates more T cells C. It kills infected cells D. It blocks CD28	back 64 B. It activates more T cells

front 65 Helper T cells recognize dendritic-cell antigen while using which co-receptor? A. CD8 B. CD28 only C. CD4 D. B7	back 65 C. CD4
front 66 Killer T cells are activated similarly to helper T cells by encountering what? A. Activated dendritic cells B. Resting erythrocytes C. Free antibodies D. Complement pores	back 66 A. Activated dendritic cells
front 67 For initial activation, killer T cells also require which signal? A. IgE crosslinking B. Complement fixation C. Co-stimulation D. Histamine release	back 67 C. Co-stimulation
front 68 Full killer T-cell activation requires assistance from which cells? A. NK cells B. Helper T cells C. Plasma cells D. Mast cells	back 68 B. Helper T cells

front 69 Fully activated killer T cells can do all except which state? A. Kill inefficiently B. Proliferate robustly C. Become memory CTLs D. Kill efficiently	back 69 A. Kill inefficiently
front 70 Helper T-cell assistance allows CTLs to develop into which long-term population? A. Plasma CTLs B. Naive CTLs C. Anergic CTLs D. Memory CTLs	back 70 D. Memory CTLs
front 71 Why is a mechanism needed for helper-assisted CTL activation? A. CTLs lack TCRs B. DCs lack MHC C. Helpers cannot bind APCs D. Three-cell meeting is unlikely	back 71 D. Three-cell meeting is unlikely
front 72 Which model says helper T cells “license” dendritic cells? A. Sequential model B. Menage a Trois C. Cross-presentation model D. Anergy model	back 72 A. Sequential model

front 73 In the Sequential Model, helper T cells first activate and license which cell? A. Killer T cell B. Dendritic cell C. Plasma cell D. Neutrophil	back 73 B. Dendritic cell
front 74 Licensed dendritic cells can then fully help CTLs without what? A. Class I MHC B. Cytokine production C. Helper T cell present D. Co-stimulatory molecules	back 74 C. Helper T cell present
front 75 In the Sequential Model, licensed dendritic cells begin expressing more class I MHC and what else? A. Cytokines and surface molecules B. IgA and IgE C. Perforin and granzymes D. C1 and C9	back 75 A. Cytokines and surface molecules
front 76 Licensing improves dendritic-cell ability to activate which cells? A. B cells B. Macrophages C. Mast cells D. CTLs	back 76 D. CTLs

front 77 The Menage a Trois model depends partly on helper T cell-DC coupling lasting how long? A. Seconds B. Minutes C. Several hours D. Several weeks	back 77 C. Several hours
front 78 In the Menage a Trois model, helper T cell-DC coupling produces what? A. IgG B. Chemokines C. Histamine D. C1 inhibitor	back 78 B. Chemokines
front 79 Those chemokines attract which cells to the dendritic-cell site? A. B cells B. Killer T cells C. Mast cells D. Neutrophils	back 79 B. Killer T cells
front 80 In the Menage a Trois model, simultaneous meeting becomes more likely because coupling is what? A. Instantaneous B. Absent C. Prolonged D. Antibody-mediated	back 80 C. Prolonged

front 81 Which model does not require direct helper T-cell presence during CTL activation? A. Menage a Trois B. Anergy model C. Synapse model D. Sequential model	back 81 D. Sequential model
front 82 Which model recruits CTLs to an existing helper T cell-dendritic cell pair? A. Menage a Trois B. Sequential model C. CD40-only model D. Complement model	back 82 A. Menage a Trois
front 83 Which event specifically strengthens dendritic-cell co-stimulatory capacity? A. CD8-MHC I binding B. CD28 loss C. CD40-CD40L binding D. IgE degranulation	back 83 C. CD40-CD40L binding
front 84 Which event specifically increases adhesion during helper T-cell activation? A. TCR-MHC binding B. C1 activation C. IgA transport D. NK degranulation	back 84 A. TCR-MHC binding

front 85 Which structure represents organized TCR and adhesion clustering? A. Phagosome B. Immunological synapse C. Proteasome D. Germinal center	back 85 B. Immunological synapse
front 86 Which signal pair is needed for naive T-cell activation? A. C3b and C5b B. IgM and IgD C. Histamine and IgE D. TCR plus co-stimulation	back 86 D. TCR plus co-stimulation