front 1 What potential contributory factor should you consider FIRST when assessing a patient with a suspected diabetic foot ulcer (DFU)? Blood pressure Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) History of tobacco use Previous vascular surgeries | back 1 Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) |
front 2 UESTION 2 Single ChoiceDetails What associated finding would you expect to see in a patient with an arterial leg ulcer? Warm, edematous skin Irregular, poorly defined edges Bounding pedal pulses Cool, pale skin | back 2 Cool, pale skin *arterial ulcers are often accompanied by cool, pale skin because of reduced blood flow |
front 3 How does tobacco use affect lower extremity ulcers? It improves circulation. It can impair circulation and healing. It is irrelevant to wound healing. It increases energy levels. | back 3 It can impair circulation and healing. Tobacco use significantly impairs circulation and wound healing, increasing the risk of ulcers and delayed healing. |
front 4 What is the significance of anticoagulant use in a patient with a lower extremity ulcer? Anticoagulants enhance wound healing. Anticoagulants can delay wound healing and increase bleeding risks. Anticoagulants prevent infections Anticoagulants have no impact on wound care. | back 4 Anticoagulants can delay wound healing and increase bleeding risks. * anticoagulants can affect wound healing and bleeding risks, making ulcer management more complex. |
front 5 What is the PRIMARY mechanism by which chronic venous insufficiency leads to ulcer formation in the lower extremities? Decreased arterial blood flow to the skin Hyperglycemia causing nerve damage Venous hypertension resulting in fluid leakage and tissue breakdown Decreased oxygen delivery due to arterial plaque buildup | back 5 Venous hypertension resulting in fluid leakage and tissue breakdown *chronic venous insufficiency leads to venous hypertension, which causes fluid leakage, tissue breakdown, and ulcer formation. |
front 6 What periwound presentation would you expect to see in a patient with a venous leg ulcer? Cyanosis Hyperpigmentation Pallor Erythema | back 6 Hyperpigmentation hyperpigmentation is common around venous leg ulcers due to hemosiderin deposition from chronic venous insufficiency. |
front 7 What would you expect to find when checking foot pulses in a patient with peripheral arterial disease and an ulcer on their foot? Bounding pulses Absent or diminished pulses Normal pulses Irregular pulses | back 7 Absent or diminished pulses * absent or diminished pulses are common findings in patients with peripheral arterial disease due to poor arterial flow. |
front 8 What type of edema might you expect to find if a patient has venous insufficiency? Non-pitting edema Pitting edema No edema Lymphedema | back 8 Pitting edema *pitting edema is often associated with venous insufficiency. |
front 9 Mrs. Taylor, a 65-year-old woman, has a lower leg ulcer with a dry, necrotic wound bed. What type of ulcer is this likely to be? Venous leg ulcer Arterial leg ulcer Neuropathic ulcer Pressure ulcer | back 9 Arterial leg ulcer * arterial leg ulcers often present with a dry, necrotic wound bed due to poor blood supply. |
front 10 What is the discoloration around a lower leg ulcer called in a patient with a history of venous insufficiency? Cyanosis Lipodermatosclerosis Hemosiderin staining Erythema | back 10 Hemosiderin staining * hemosiderin staining is due to the breakdown of red blood cells and is characteristic of chronic venous insufficiency. |
front 11 What ankle-brachial index (ABI) value would indicate critical limb ischemia (CLI)? 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.4 | back 11 0.4 *an ABI less than 0.5 indicates CLI, reflecting severe arterial disease. An ABI less than 0.5 indicates CLI, reflecting severe arterial disease. |
front 12 What does shiny, hairless skin around a lower leg ulcer indicate? Venous insufficiency Arterial insufficiency Chronic inflammation Lymphatic obstruction | back 12 Arterial insufficiency |
front 13 How does arterial disease contribute to the development of ulcers in the lower extremities? It promotes excessive wound healing. It decreases blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis. It causes high blood glucose levels that damage nerves. It increases the strength and thickness of blood vessels. | back 13 It decreases blood flow, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis. * arterial disease decreases blood flow, causing tissue ischemia and necrosis, which contribute to ulcer formation. |
front 14 Which characteristic is typical of venous leg ulcers? Well-defined, round edges Irregular margins Minimal exudate Deep penetration | back 14 Irregular margins *venous leg ulcers typically have irregular and poorly defined edges. |