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  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

49 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

TEST 1: FRACTURES

front 1

FRACTURE THAT DOESN'T BREAK SKIN

back 1

CLOSED FRACTURE

front 2

FRACTURE WHERE SKIN SURFACE IS BROKEN

back 2

OPEN FRACTURE/COMPOUND FRACTURE

front 3

THIS TYPE OF FRACTURE IS SEEN THE MOST IN CHILD ABUSE

back 3

SPIRAL FRACTURE

front 4

THIS FRACTURE HAPPENS WHEN A MASSIVE OBJECTIVE CRUSH BONE

  • FAT EMBOLISM IS MOST SEEN WITH THIS TYPE OF FRACTURE

back 4

CRUSH/COMPRESSION FRACTURE

front 5

WHAT ARE SOME COMMON CAUSES OF FRACTURES

back 5

  • OSTEOPOROSIS
  • BED REST
  • STEROIDS - EX. PREDNISONE
  • TRAUMA

front 6

SOME SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS FOR A FRACTURE

back 6

PRIORITY: INTERNAL BLEEDING

  • HYPOTENSION
  • TACHYCARDIA
  • HEMATURIA
  • PAIN SWELLING
  • CREPITUS
  • MUSCLE SPASMS

front 7

IN THIS TYPE OF FRACTURE, CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID IS SEEN DRAINAGE FROM NOSE CAUSING RHINORRHEA

back 7

BASILAR SKULL FRACTURE

front 8

THIS FRACTURE HAPPENS WHEN IT IS LOCATED T-6 OR HIGHER CAUSING THIS TYPE SHOCK (TWO ANSWERS)

back 8

  1. SPINE FRACTURE
  2. NEUROGENIC SHOCK

front 9

IN THIS FRACTURE, PATIENT IS BLEEDING/DROOLING FROM THE MOUTH. WHAT IS THE PRIORITY NURSING ACTION?

back 9

  • MANDIBULAR FRACTURE
  • SUCTION OF THE MOUTH

front 10

WHAT ARE SOME SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A HIP FRACTURE?

back 10

  • SHORTENING OF THE LEG ON THE AFFECTED SIDE
  • MUSCLE SPASM AROUND THE AFFECTED AREA
  • ECCHYMOSIS OF THIGH AND HIP
  • GROIN AND HIP PAIN WHEN BEARING WEIGHT

front 11

THE NURSE IS ASSESSING A CLIENT WITH AN OPEN LEG FRACTURE. THE NURSE SHOULD INQUIRE ABOUT THE LAST TIME THE CLIENT HAD WHICH DONE?

back 11

TETANUS BOOSTER

front 12

USED SHORT TERM BEFORE SURGERY (PRE-OP) TO REALIGN BONES IN THE HIP AND FEMUR FRACTURES (PULLS BACK INTO PLACE THE BONE THAT WAS DISPLACED.

back 12

BUCK'S TRACTION

front 13

SOME KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR BUCKS TRACTION

back 13

  • WEIGHTS = FREE HANGING; NEVER REMOVED UNLESS ORDERED BY PCP
  • TRACTION ROPES ARE TIGHT (NOT LOOSE OR RESTING ON FLOOR/BED)
  • TO REPOSITION PATIENT - HOLD WEIGHTS
  • KEEP LIMB IN NEUTRAL POSITION
  • ASSESS FOR SKIN BREAKDOWN
  • NEURO CHECKS: PULSES, MOTOR, SENSATION AND CAP REFILL
  • SUPINE POSITION (NO FOWLERS!)
  • INFECTION: ELEVATED WBC; ASSESS SITE FOR DRAINAGE - "COCA); PERFORM PIN CARE FOR TRACTION WITH STERILE TECHNIQUE (PRE-OP: BUCK'S TRACTION)
  • ABDUCTION IS NOT REQUIRED

front 14

PRIORITY AFTER HIP/FEMUR SURGERY

back 14

  1. BLEEDING (PRIORITY): HGB: <7 - REPORT TO HCP! , MONITOR PULSES DISTAL TO INJURY; OBSERVE TO HYPOTENSION AND TACHYCARDIA
  2. POSITIONING CARE: ABDUCT LEGS; NO CROSSING LEGS; NO LEANING FORWARD; NO SITTING AT 90 DEGREE ANGLE

front 15

MAJOR COMPLICATION W/ LONG BONE INJURIES (FEMUR), FEMUR, AND PELVIS FRACTURES, COMPRESSION FRACTURES

FAT GLOBULES ARE RELEASED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM THAT CAN LEAD TO BLOCKAGE

back 15

FAT EMBOLISMS

front 16

KEY SIGNS W/ FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME

back 16

  1. MENTAL STATUS CHANGES - CONFUSION, RESTLESSNESS, AND ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
  2. DYSPNEA
  3. CHEST PAIN
  4. LOW PULSE OX
  5. PETECHIAE OVER NECK AND CHEST

front 17

THE MOST FAVORABLE INDICATION OF RESOLUTION OF FAT EMBOLISMS

back 17

CLEAR MENTATION

front 18

MOST IMPORTANT INTERVENTION FOR FAT EMBOLISM

back 18

MINIMIZE MOVEMENT OF FRACTURE

NO PROPHYLATIC MEDS/BONE THINNERS OR COMPRESSION DEVICES

front 19

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOMYELITIS

back 19

TEMP

YELLOW DRAINING FROM SITE

front 20

TREATMENT FOR OSTEOMYELITIS

back 20

LONG TERM USE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR WEEKS TO MONTHS

WOUND DEBRIDEMENT

AMPUTATION

front 21

POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF CASTS

back 21

HOT SPOTS - INFECTION

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME - DECREASED PERFUSION

  • COMES FIRST IN PRIORITIZATION BETWEEN THE 2

front 22

SIGNS OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

back 22

  • SEVERE PAIN (EARLIEST SIGN OF SUDDEN COMPARTMENT SYNDROME) - UNRELIEVE W/ MORPHINE ; NOT RESOLVING W/ MEDS ; EXTREME PAIN W/ PASSIVE MOVEMENT
  • PARESTHESIA - TINGLING/BURNING/ NUMBNESS ; PROBLEMS MOVING FINGER/TOES
  • DISCOLORATION
  • LATE SIGN: LACK OF PULSE - MEDICAL EMERGENCY

front 23

INTERVENTIONS FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

back 23

  • NOTIFY PCP
  • ASSESS FINGER/TOES W/ NEURO CHECKS : 'PMSC'
  • ELEVATE LIMB TO THE LEVEL OF THE HEART
  • FASCIOTOMY

front 24

THINGS TO REMEMBER FOR CAST CARE

back 24

  • C - CLEAN AND DRY : COVER CAST W/ A PLASTIC BAG FOR BATHING AND ALLOW CAST TO DRY FOR 24-48 HOURS
  • A - ABOVE (ELEVATE) THE HEART FOR 1ST 48 HOURS ON A PILLOW
  • S - SCRATCH AN ITCH : USE HAIR DRYER ON LOW/COOL SETTING
  • T - TAKE IT EASY : NO BEARING WEIGHT AND NO FINGER INDENTATIONS (USE PALM OF HANDS) OR PRESSURE AND NO HARD SURFACES; NEVER CUT IT OFF UNLESS ORDERED TO DO SO

front 25

REVIEW CANE AND CRUTCHES SECTION OF FRACTURES VIDEO STARTING AT 27:30

back 25

REVIEW

front 26

PRESSURE ON AN ANATOMIC COMPARTMENT IS INCREASED BEYOND NORMAL

back 26

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

front 27

WHAT TYPE OF ASSESSMENT CAN REVEAL SYMPTOMS OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME OR FRACTURES IN GENERAL?

back 27

NEUROVASCULAR ASSESSMENT

front 28

WHAT DOES A NEUROVASCULAR ASSESSMENT CONSIST OF?

back 28

  • COLOR OF EXTREMITY: PALLAR CAN INDICATE VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY
  • TEMP
  • CAP REFILL
  • PERIPHERAL PULSES
  • EDEMA
  • SENSATION
  • PAIN
  • 5 P'S - PAIN, PARALYSIS, PARENTHESIAS, PALLOR, AND PULSELESSNESS

front 29

WHAT CAN DEVELOP 24-48 HOURS POST SURGERY FOR A HIP FRACTURE

back 29

ATELECTASIS OR PNEUMONIA

OLDER PATIENTS ARE ALSO AT RISK FOR DELIRIUM AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM, ESPECIALLY IN OLDER ADULT PATIENTS WHO HAVE PREEXISTING RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS

front 30

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES THAT PROMOTE BONE AND SOFT TISSUE HEALING

back 30

REDUCTION

IMMOBILIZATION

front 31

THE RESTORATION OF BONE FRAGMENTS TO ANATOMICAL ALIGNMENT AND ROTATION (FOR INJURIES THAT ARE NOT AS SEVERE)

  • CLOSED OR OPEN MAY BE USED

back 31

REDUCTION

front 32

AFTER A FRACTURE HAS BEEN REDUCED, IT IS NECESSARY TO DO THIS TO THE BONE FRAGMENTS

  • EX. BANDAGES, CASTS, SPLINTS, CONTINUOUS TRACTION, AND EXTERNAL FIXATORS, METAL IMPLANTS

back 32

IMMOBILIZATION

front 33

WHAT SHOULD PATIENT W/ EDEMA DO TO THEIR INJURED AREA?

back 33

ELEVATE EXTREMITY AND APPLY ICE TO THE INJURED AREA

front 34

CONTROLS MUSCLE SPASMS AND IMMOBILIZES AN EXTREMITY BEFORE SURGERY

back 34

SKIN TRACTION

front 35

USED TO TREAT FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR, TIBIA, AND CERVICAL SPINE

back 35

SKELETAL TRACTION

front 36

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

back 36

  • CONSERVATIVE MEASURES FIRST! ELEVATION OF LIMB AT HEART LEVEL AND REMOVAL OF ANY CONSTRICTIVE DRESSINGS *CASTS
  • IF S/S AREN'T RELIEVED IN 1 HOUR, FASCIOTOMY IS PERFORMED TO RELIEVE PRESSURE IN THE COMPARTMENT THROUGH EXCISION OF THE FASCIA

front 37

NURSING MANAGEMENT FOR ACUTE FRACTURES

back 37

  • MONITORING FOR S/S OF INFECTION
  • USING STERILE TECHNIQUE FOR DRESSING CHANGE
  • ADMINISTERING ANTIBIOTICS ON TIME TO MAINTAIN SERUM LEVELS, AND MONITORING FOR SIDE EFFECTS
  • MAIN SKIN INTEGRITY AND PROPER BODY ALIGNMENT
  • MONITOR FOR PAIN/DISCOMFORT
  • ADMINISTER PAIN MEDS AS PRESCRIBED

front 38

NURSING MANAGMENT FOR CASTS:

back 38

  • DURING DRYING TIME, PICK UP CAST W/ PALMS OF HAND TO PREVENT DENTING THE CAST. AS DENTS CAN CAUSE PRESSURE ON UNDERLYING TISSUES AND CAUSE SKIN BREAKDOWN
  • NEUROVASCULAR CHECKS

front 39

TYPICAL PRESENTATION OF A HIP FRACTURE

back 39

SHORTENED LIMB AND EXTERNALLY ROTATED

front 40

SOFT TISSUE INJURY

back 40

CONTUSION

front 41

SPRAIN

back 41

INJURY TO LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS AROUND A BONE

front 42

CHILDREN (NOTES)

back 42

NOT COMMON FOR CHILDREN <2 YEARS OLD

  • USUALLY CAUSED BY SOMEONE ELSE OR ACCIDENTAL TRAUMA

front 43

  1. SEVERE CLOSED DISPLACED FRACTURE
  2. SEVERE OPEN DISPLACED FRACTURE

back 43

REQUIRES OPEN REDUCTION INTERNAL FIXATION

REQUIRES OPEN REDUCTION EXTERNAL FIXATOR

front 44

NOTES

back 44

IF A PATIENT HAS SEVERE SWELLING A SPLINT MAY BE USED BEFORE A CAST TO PREVENT COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

CLOSED REDUCTION - MAY BE CAST, SPLINT OR OTHER DEVICE - CAN BE DONE IN SURGERY

ORIF - REQUIRES SURGERY - SEVERE FRACTURES

front 45

INTERVENTIONS FOR PRESSURE INJURIES IN SPLINTS/CASTS

back 45

WINDOW OR BIVALVE CAST

front 46

INTERVENTIONS FOR DISUSE SYNDROME (NOT USING MUSCLES)

back 46

ISOMETRIC EXERCISES

front 47

WHAT DOES OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY DO?

back 47

ADL'S INCLUDING EATING

front 48

WHAT DOES PHYSICAL THERAPY DO?

back 48

EVERYTHING OT DOESN'T DO

front 49

MOST COMMON CONCERNS FOR PELVIS FRACTURES

back 49

SHOCK AND HEMORRHAGE BECAUSE IT'S EXTREMELY VASCULAR