front 1 Traditional | back 1 Following long-standing customs or beliefs passed down over time. |
front 2 Tension | back 2 Stress or conflict between people or groups that could lead to bigger problems. |
front 3 Modify | back 3 To change or adjust something slightly. |
front 4 Potential | back 4 The possibility that something may happen or develop in the future. |
front 5 Rebellion | back 5 When people rise up and fight against a government or authority. |
front 6 Reform | back 6 Changes made to improve a system or fix problems. |
front 7 Nationalist Movements | back 7 Efforts by a group of people to gain independence or control of their own country. |
front 8 Turkification | back 8 A policy that pushed people in Turkey to adopt Turkish culture, language, and identity. |
front 9 Autocratic Regime | back 9 A government where one ruler has almost total power and citizens have little say. |
front 10 Cleric | back 10 A religious leader or teacher. |
front 11 Gender Norms | back 11 Society’s expectations about how men and women should behave. |
front 12 Modernization | back 12 Updating a country with new technology, education, and industry. |
front 13 Mullah | back 13 A Muslim religious teacher or leader. |
front 14 Secular | back 14 Government that is separate from religion. |
front 15 White Revolution | back 15 A series of reforms in Iran meant to modernize the country and reduce the power of religious leaders. |
front 16 Sharia | back 16 Islamic law based on the Quran and religious traditions. |
front 17 Westernization | back 17 Adopting ideas, technology, and culture from Western countries (Europe & the U.S.). |
front 18 Theocracy | back 18 A government run by religious leaders using religious law. |
front 19 Suez Canal Crisis | back 19 A 1956 conflict when Egypt took control of the Suez Canal, causing tension with Britain, France, and Israel. |
front 20 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | back 20
What he accomplished:
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front 21 The Shah Reva Pahlavi | back 21
What he accomplished:
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front 22 Ayatollah Khomeni | back 22
What he accomplished:
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front 23 Gamal Abdel Nasser | back 23
What he accomplished:
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