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23 notecards = 6 pages (4 cards per page)

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10.8 Conflicts between Tradition and Modernization Set 1

front 1

Traditional

back 1

Following long-standing customs or beliefs passed down over time.

front 2

Tension

back 2

Stress or conflict between people or groups that could lead to bigger problems.

front 3

Modify

back 3

To change or adjust something slightly.

front 4

Potential

back 4

The possibility that something may happen or develop in the future.

front 5

Rebellion

back 5

When people rise up and fight against a government or authority.

front 6

Reform

back 6

Changes made to improve a system or fix problems.

front 7

Nationalist Movements

back 7

Efforts by a group of people to gain independence or control of their own country.

front 8

Turkification

back 8

A policy that pushed people in Turkey to adopt Turkish culture, language, and identity.

front 9

Autocratic Regime

back 9

A government where one ruler has almost total power and citizens have little say.

front 10

Cleric

back 10

A religious leader or teacher.

front 11

Gender Norms

back 11

Society’s expectations about how men and women should behave.

front 12

Modernization

back 12

Updating a country with new technology, education, and industry.

front 13

Mullah

back 13

A Muslim religious teacher or leader.

front 14

Secular

back 14

Government that is separate from religion.

front 15

White Revolution

back 15

A series of reforms in Iran meant to modernize the country and reduce the power of religious leaders.

front 16

Sharia

back 16

Islamic law based on the Quran and religious traditions.

front 17

Westernization

back 17

Adopting ideas, technology, and culture from Western countries (Europe & the U.S.).

front 18

Theocracy

back 18

A government run by religious leaders using religious law.

front 19

Suez Canal Crisis

back 19

A 1956 conflict when Egypt took control of the Suez Canal, causing tension with Britain, France, and Israel.

front 20

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

back 20

  • Why important: Founder of modern Turkey.

What he accomplished:

  • Ended the Ottoman Empire after WWI.
  • Created a secular government (separated religion from government).
  • Modernized Turkey with new schools, laws, and rights for women.
  • Encouraged Western dress, education, and alphabet.

front 21

The Shah Reva Pahlavi

back 21

  • Why important: Leader of Iran who pushed modernization.

What he accomplished:

  • Started the White Revolution reforms.
  • Built roads, schools, and industry.
  • Tried to reduce the power of religious leaders.
  • His Western-style changes upset many traditional Muslims.

front 22

Ayatollah Khomeni

back 22

  • Why important: Leader of the Iranian Revolution (1979).

What he accomplished:

  • Led a rebellion that overthrew the Shah.
  • Created an Islamic theocracy in Iran.
  • Made Sharia law the basis of government.

front 23

Gamal Abdel Nasser

back 23

  • Why important: Nationalist leader of Egypt.

What he accomplished:

  • Took control of the Suez Canal, challenging European control.
  • Promoted Arab nationalism.
  • Modernized Egypt with dams, industry, and reforms.