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19 notecards = 5 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

lecture final

front 1

The ANS Maintains Homeostasis
by Regulating the Activities of.

back 1

Smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

front 2

Dual ANS innervation

back 2

most body organs receive impulses from
both sympathetic and
parasympathetic neurons
functioning in opposition to one
another; if the sympathetic excites
then the parasympathetic inhibitis

front 3

Sensory input for ANS

back 3

Introceptors

front 4

ANS regulated by which parts of the brain

back 4

hypothalamus and medulla

front 5

Polarized neurons

back 5

Resting state of neurons, there are more negative charges inside than outside. Not transmitting an impulse

front 6

Graded potential

back 6

Short distance, happens when gated channels produce a local current that dies after a few millimeters Most occur in dendrites & cell bodies, they do not travel down the axon. Can be added together or cancel each other out. Becomes less negatively charged

front 7

Depolarizing graded potential

back 7

a stimulus that causes a reduction of the
difference in charge across the membrane (cell becomes less negatively
charged with respect to the extracellular fluid)

front 8

Hyperpolarizing graded potential

back 8

causes the cell to be more negatively charged Most graded potentials occur in dendrites & cell bodies, they do not travel

front 9

Perception vs sensation

back 9

Perception is awareness and interpretation, sensation is awareness of changes only

front 10

Integration

back 10

process of combining each
piece of incoming information with other
arriving and previously stored information

front 11

parts of sensation

back 11

simulation, transduction, generation, translation/integration

front 12

First order neurons

back 12

the first neuron in a specific tract - from peripheral somatic sensory receptors to spinal cord or brain stem. facial areas transmitted by cranial nerves

front 13

Second-order Neurons

back 13

Cell bodies reside in dorsal gray
horn or medullary nuclei
 Transmit sensory impulses from
the brain stem where their axons
decussate (cross over to opposite
side) before ascending to the
thalamus or to cerebellum
 Synapse with third-order neurons

front 14

third order neurons

back 14

Cell bodies reside in thalamus
 Relay impulses to the primary
somatosensory area of cerebral
cortex (post central gyrus on the
same side)
 Results in conscious perception of
the sensation

front 15

Proprioceptors

back 15

muscles tendons joints and inner ear - body position ( in muscles these ARE muscle spindles)

front 16

Interoceptors

back 16

BV, organs, muscles and nervous system. Not consciously perceived, signals internal environment

front 17

Phantom pain

back 17

due to irritation of a nerve ending in the
healing wound surface of the amputation; AP is carried to
part of brain and projected back to portion of limb that is no
longer intact

front 18

Thermoreceptors

back 18

Adapt quickly to sensation, but lowers signal strength as time goes on. free nerve endings

front 19

Nociceptor

back 19

Fast and slow types of pain, free nerve endings, found in every type of tissue except for the brain