front 1 Which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system? | back 1 Tendons |
front 2 A(n) ____ would not involve damage to the structures that comprise the skeletal system | back 2 Ruptured calcaneal (Achilles) tendon |
front 3 The bones of the skeleton provide structure to the body and serve as a ____ to hold up the body and maintain proper positioning of some organs | back 3 Support |
front 4 The skull, pelvis, ribs, vertebral column, and sternum provide ____ to many delicate organs of the body by encasing them in hardened, shell-like or caged structures | back 4 Protection |
front 5 The ____ of the entire skeleton or skeletal elements utilizes the anchoring of muscles to attachment sites on the bones, which then serve as levers | back 5 Movement |
front 6 Minerals can be stored in the skeleton, which acts as a reservoir, storing or releasing minerals as needed to maintain ____ throughout the body | back 6 Electrolyte balance |
front 7 The storage or release of buffering compounds works to aid the body in ____ balance | back 7 Acid-Base |
front 8 Contained within the spongy sections of bones, red bone marrow is responsible for ___ | back 8 Blood formation |
front 9 Which of the following would directly affect osseous tissue? | back 9 A vitamin-C deficiency |
front 10 What is the calcium-phosphate salt deposited within bone called? | back 10 Hydroxyapatite |
front 11 What is the function of red bone marrow? | back 11 Blood cell production |
front 12 Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure? | back 12 An osteon |
front 13 ____ is/are found in compact bone but not spongy bone | back 13 Central canals |
front 14 In an adult, which of the following is a bone that does not contain red bone marrow? | back 14 Radius |
front 15 In an adult, a compound fracture of the ____ could lead to a "fat" embolism entering the blood stream | back 15 Tibia |
front 16 The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification? | back 16 Intramembranous |
front 17 Where does bone formation occur during the endochondral ossification? | back 17 Hyaline cartilage model |
front 18 Elongation of bones is accomplished via ___ growth | back 18 Interstitial |
front 19 Growth in the epiphyseal plate adds to the ___ of a bone until the plate is depleted in early adulthood | back 19 Length |
front 20 The ____ is a layer of hyaline cartilage with a metaphysis on each side | back 20 Epiphyseal plate |
front 21 When the cartilage is depleted, the epiphyseal plates ___, and the bone can not grow longer | back 21 Close |
front 22 The internal mark in the bone left behind by the closed epiphyseal plate is called the ____ | back 22 Epiphyseal line |
front 23 Mineralization is a process that extracts ____ and ____ from the blood plasma and deposits it into bone | back 23 Calcium; Phosphate |
front 24 To help regulate body calcium levels, bone has two reserves. The disadvantage of the stable reserve is that it ____ | back 24 Cannot easily be exchanged or released into the tissue fluid |
front 25 Each of the following complications listed below is a result of homeostatic calcium imbalance. Which would not be life threatening? | back 25 A deficit of appositional bone grwoth |
front 26 Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels? | back 26 Calcitonin |
front 27 The most active form of ___ is called calcitriol | back 27 Vitamin D |
front 28 Osteoblast activity in children is stimulated by the hormone ____ | back 28 Calcitonin |
front 29 When blood calcium levels drop, glands embedded in the posterior thyroid secrete ____ hormone, which stimulates osteoclastic activity | back 29 Parathyroid |
front 30 The hormone ____ influences both resorption and deposition of bone. | back 30 Calcitrol |
front 31 Vitamin D stimulates absorption of dietary calcium from the ____ system | back 31 Digestive |
front 32 When When levels of blood calcium increase in children, calcitonin is released from the ___ of the thyroid gland | back 32 C cells |
front 33 This circulating calcitonin inhibits ___ and stimulates ____ within minutes | back 33 Osteoclasts; Ostepblasts |
front 34 The effect on osteoclasts causes a decrease in bone resorption and a concurrent ____ in bone deposition due to the activity of osteoblasts | back 34 Increase |
front 35 The decline in bone breakdown and increased mineralization causes blood calcium to ___ back to normal levels | back 35 Decrease |
front 36 When levels of blood calcium ____, parathyroid hormone is released from the parathyroid glands located on the posterior thyroid | back 36 Decrease |
front 37 Parathyroid hormone causes an increase in the number of ____ and greater rates of bone resorption | back 37 Osteoclasts |
front 38 In the kidney, parathyroid hormone will decrease the amount of calcium excreted by increasing ___ from kidney tubules | back 38 Reabsorption |
front 39 Parathyroid hormone increases the renal conversion of ____ , which secondarily works to increase calcium levels in the blood | back 39 Calcidiol to calcitriol |
front 40 Inhibition of ___ by parathyroid hormone occurs as a result of a decreased production of organic matrix | back 40 Osteoblasts |
front 41 As a result of direct actions on the target cells of the bone and kidneys along with an indirect action on the small intestine (calcitriol), parathyroid hormone works to ____ blood calcium levels. | back 41 Increase |
front 42 Which of the following best describes osteomalacia? | back 42 The softening of the bones in adults due to calcium depletion |
front 43 Osteogenesis imperfecta is due to the deficiency of ____ in the matrix, which makes the bones extremely brittle | back 43 Collagen |
front 44 Greenstick fractures most commonly occur in children because ____ | back 44 Their bones contain a higher proportion of collagen |
front 45 A ____ fracture is one in which the bone is broken into three or mor pieces | back 45 Comminuted |
front 46 During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following? | back 46 A soft callus |
front 47 Any break in a bone is called a ____ , and repair is done in stages by the body | back 47 Fracture |
front 48 A ____ will form and will turn into granulation tissue at the site of injury | back 48 Hematoma |
front 49 Depositions of collagen and fibrocartilage will then turn the tissue into a soft ___ | back 49 Callus |
front 50 ____ deposit a temporary bony collar around the fracture ossification occurs | back 50 Osteoblasts |
front 51 The process finishes with bone ____ converting spongy to compact bone | back 51 Remodeling |
front 52 Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation? | back 52 Interstitial |
front 53 Bones in the legs, arms, spine and pelvis grow? | back 53 At different rates |
front 54 Which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity? | back 54 Swimming |
front 55 Trusses and arches, which help form an internal scaffolding network, are found in ___ | back 55 Trabecular bone |
front 56 At which of the following ages would calcium loss from bone be more than calcium deposits into bone, even when a high calcium diet is eaten? | back 56 50 years old |
front 57 Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones? | back 57 Calcium |
front 58 Which structure is highlighted? Microscopic canals between the lacunae of ossified bone | back 58 Canaliculi |
front 59 Which structure is highlighted? A microscopic, longitudinal channel located at the center of each osteon in compact | back 59 Central canal |
front 60 Which structure is highlighted? The functional, cylindrical unit of mature compact bone | back 60 Osteon |