front 1 Federal Bureaucracy | back 1 The departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation |
front 2 National Institutes of Health | back 2 A U.S. federal agency that funds and conducts medical research to improve public health and study diseases. |
front 3 Bureaucrat | back 3 A government official who works within a bureaucracy to carry out laws and public policy. |
front 4 Political Patronage | back 4 Filling of administrative positions as a reward for support, rather than merrit |
front 5 Pendleton Act | back 5 An 1883 law that created the civil service system, requiring government jobs to be awarded based on merit instead of political connections. |
front 6 Federal Civil Service | back 6 The merit-based bureaucracy excluding the armed forces and political appointments. |
front 7 Merit System | back 7 A system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections. |
front 8 Iron Triangle | back 8 Coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared goals. |
front 9 Issue Network | back 9 Webs of influence between interest groups policymakers, and policy advocates. |
front 10 Policy Agenda | back 10 The list of issues that government officials and policymakers decide are important enough to address. |
front 11 Implementation | back 11 The bureaucracy's role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed. |
front 12 Bureaucratic Discretion | back 12 The power to decide how a law is implemented and to decide what Congress meant when it passes a law. |
front 13 Regulation | back 13 Rules made by government agencies to control or direct behavior in industries or society. |
front 14 Independent Regulatory Commissions | back 14 A government agency that makes and enforces rules for a specific industry, operating independently from the president and other executive departments. |
front 15 Hatch Act | back 15 A law that limits federal employees' political activities to keep government work nonpartisan. |
front 16 Bureaucratic Adjudication | back 16 The process where a government agency settles dispute and makes decisions on how rules or regulations apply in specific cases. |
front 17 Government Accountability Office | back 17 A Congressional agency that review and investigates how the federal government spends money. |
front 18 Congressional Oversight | back 18 The power of Congress to monitor and review the executive branch to ensure laws are properly carried out. |