front 1 Which cell is only found in the stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum? | back 1 Dendritic Cells |
front 2 The ____ System's major contribution is that it acts as a a barrier between the environment and the body | back 2 Integumentary |
front 3 The initial step in the synthesis of the hormone known as calcitriol demonstrates the interaction of multiple organ systems, as in this example, where the ____ system requires proper functioning of the integumentary system. | back 3 Endocrine |
front 4 Facial expressions require the integration of the ___ system in order to pull on skin attachments and create movement | back 4 Muscular |
front 5 An example of ___ system interactions with the skin is the large number of sensory receptors that function to provide communication between the environment and body | back 5 Nervous |
front 6 By serving as a blood reservoir, the skin can support the function of the ___ system by diverting blood to or from internal organs as neccessary | back 6 Circulatory |
front 7 Dendritic cells located in the epidermis function to support the ____ system by detecting and altering the body to infectious or harmful agents | back 7 Lymphatic |
front 8 Accessory structures of the skin, such as nose hairs, serve the ____ system by providing a mechanical filter against large objects entering the body | back 8 Respiratory |
front 9 Active forms of vitamin D, as produced by the skin, improve the absorption of calcium from the ____ system | back 9 Digestive |
front 10 As secreted in sweat, the skin aids the ____ system in ridding the body of metabolic wastes and excess electrolytes | back 10 urinary |
front 11 Skin contains keratin and desmosomes that confer a mechanical strength to the epidermis which ___ such as punctures and abrasions | back 11 Resists mechanical traumas |
front 12 As a result of impermeable cellular junctions and water-proofing lipids, the epidermis functions in _____ | back 12 Creating a barrier to some fluds |
front 13 The skin assists endocrine function by playing a role in ____ which is needed for calcium homeostasis | back 13 Vitamin-D synthesis |
front 14 Because it houses many nerve endings and sensory organs, the skin is responsible for much of our ____ | back 14 Sensation |
front 15 Through vasodilation in times of excessive heat, and vasoconstriction during times of cold, the blood flow to the dermis aids the body through ___ | back 15 Thermoregulation |
front 16 Skeletal muscle attachments to facial structures produce a wide variety of expressions and ____ with other individuals | back 16 Produce nonverbal communication |
front 17 The ____ is made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate | back 17 Stratum corneum |
front 18 The next layer is the _____ , which is present only on soles of the feet, hands, fingers, and toes | back 18 Stratum lucidum |
front 19 The ____ is named for the presence of dark staining keratohyalin granules which bind the cytoskeletal keratin filaments together. | back 19 Stratum Granulosum |
front 20 Towards the apical surface, in the ____ , the keratinocytes cease cell division, while at deeper regions, they can still undergo mitosis | back 20 Stratum spinosum |
front 21 Comprised of viable, cuboidal and columnar cells, the ___ contains the keratinocyte stem cells that replenish the exfoliated cells at the surface | back 21 Stratum basale |
front 22 Fingerprints are caused by ____ | back 22 Friction ridges |
front 23 When you make a fist, your finger joints move at ____ in the skin on the anterior surface of the hand | back 23 Felxion creases |
front 24 ___ are flat, melanized patches that vary heredity and sun exposure | back 24 Freckles |
front 25 ___ are elevated patched if melanized skin | back 25 Moles |
front 26 A reddish birthmark made of benign tumors of capillaries is called a(n) ___ | back 26 Hemangioma |
front 27 Which of the following is not a type of hair? | back 27 Keratin |
front 28 Mammary glands are modified ____ sweat glands and can be found in the ____ | back 28 Apocrine; Breasts |
front 29 Males do not have mammary glands because thy are only found in ___ and pregnant women | back 29 Lactating |
front 30 Mammary glands produce ___ so a mother can nourish a newly born infant | back 30 Milk |
front 31 The milk travels through ___ and out of the ____ for efficient conveyance to the newborn | back 31 Ducts; Nipple |
front 32 ____ arises from pigment-producing ____ and is the deadliest form of skin cancer if it spreads | back 32 Melanoma; Melanocytes |
front 33 ______ arises from ____ of the stratum spinosum and sometimes spreads to the lymph nodes | back 33 Squamous cell carcinoma; Keratinocytes |
front 34 ___ arises from the deepest layer of the skin's ____ and rarely metastisizes | back 34 Basal cell carcinoma; Epidermis |
front 35 The ____ contains mitotic cells | back 35 Nail matrix |
front 36 The ___ is deep to the eponychium | back 36 Nail root |
front 37 The ___ contains layers of compacted, highly keratinized epithelial cells | back 37 Nail body |
front 38 The ___ is part of the nail that can overhang the tip of the finger | back 38 Free edge of the nail |
front 39 The stratum ____ is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane | back 39 Basale |
front 40 The stratum ____ is composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. This layer also contains dendritic cells. | back 40 Spinosum |
front 41 The stratum ____ is composed of 3 - 5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules | back 41 Granulosum |
front 42 The stratum ____ is a translucent layer composed of 3 - 5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles | back 42 Lucidum |
front 43 The stratum ____ is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells | back 43 Corneum |
front 44 Why are injections frequently administered into the hypodermis? | back 44 The subcutaneous tissue is highly vascular |
front 45 Why are the cells in the stratum corneum dead? | back 45 Epidermal cells dies as they move away from their nutrient supply in the dermis |
front 46 Dermal papillae are numerous in palmar and plantar skin but few in number in the skin of the face and abdomen. What do you think is the functional significance of this difference? | back 46 Dermal papillae help strengthen the connection between the dermis and epidermis and help prevent friction - related damage in high use areas |
front 47 Hypernatremia occurs when the sodium concentration in the blood gets too high. Why might this be a concern in patient with extensive third-degree burns? | back 47 Disruption of the epidermal water barrier can cause severe dehydration |
front 48 This picture shows two different types of cutaneous glands. What do apocrine glands produce? | back 48 Sweat |
front 49 Sebaceous glands (shown here) secrete a product called sebum. What is sebum? | back 49 An oily substance that helps moisturize the skin and hair |
front 50 Use this picture to carefully examine the structure of the apocrine and sebaceous gland ducts. Which of the following statements is true? | back 50 Both types of glands release their products into hair follicles |
front 51 Use this picture to carefully examine the lumina of apocrine and sebaceous glands. Which of the following statements is true? (Note: "lumina" is the pleural form of "lumen.") | back 51 The apocrine gland has a clear lumen, the sebaceous gland does not. |
front 52 The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands is made up of _____ epithelium, and the secretory portion of sebaceous glands is made up of ____ epithelium | back 52 Simple cuboidal; Stratified Cuboidal |
front 53 The papillary layer of the dermis is made up of ____, and the reticular layer of the dermis is made up of ____ | back 53 Areolar tissue; Dense irregular connective tissue |
front 54 Use this picture to compare tissue structure in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. Which of the following best describes your observations? | back 54 The reticular layer is thicker and more fibrous. The papillary layer is a thinner zone of more loosely organized tissue containing many "wandering" white blood cells |
front 55 How does the structure of the reticular dermis relate to its functional properties? | back 55 Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers help the skin withstand stretching in many different directions |
front 56 How does the structure of the papillary dermis relate to its functional properties? | back 56 The loosely organized tissue allows the diffusion of nutrients and the movement of white blood cells between the dermis and the avascular epidermis |
front 57 Four of the five statements below are common misconceptions about hair and fingernails. Which one is true? | back 57 Each scalp hair can grow for several years before falling out |
front 58 Where are the cutaneous blood vessels and nerve fibers located in this picture? | back 58 Both are in the dermis. Neither one is found in the epidermis |
front 59 Based on your answer to the previous question, which of the following seems most likely? | back 59 Oxygen and nutrients must diffuse into the avascular epidermis from nearby dermis |
front 60 Consider your answer to the previous question. What impact might this have on the life history of keratinocytes? | back 60 Keratinocytes in the deepest layers of the epidermis (close to the dermis) are the only ones that receive enough nutrients and oxygen to undergo mitosis |
front 61 Keep in mind the location of the nerve fibers in this picture. What impact might this have on cutaneous sensation? | back 61 Unlike first-degree burns, third-degree burns destroy the nerve fibers in the dermis and may therefore be painless |