front 1 What is Carding | back 1 Opens the wool for further processing |
front 2 What is combing the wool | back 2 When the sliver is pulled through a fine comb, leaving extra short fibers and any contamination behind, leaving pure, clean woo |
front 3 Identify one major health issue affecting the respiratory system in sheep | back 3 pasturella, mycoplasma, chlamydia |
front 4 Identify two common reproductive problems that affect sheep, particulary in ewes | back 4 abortion, dystocia, progenancy toxemia, mastitis, uterine prolapse |
front 5 Describe one common skin disease in sheep and how to treat it | back 5 Soremouth = topical application of thiamine/B-vitamins ringworm = fungicides external parasites = insecticides |
front 6 What is caseous lymphadenitis and how does it impact sheep health and productivity | back 6 Infection of the lymph glands caused by bacteria. Considered a wasting disease and whow weight loss and reduced productivity |
front 7 What is scrapies and how is it tramsmitted and what are the main signs to look for in infected sheep | back 7 It is a fatal central nervous system disease. It is transmissible by an infected placenta and infected feed. Signs are intense itching, behavior changes, lack of coordination, gait abnormalities |
front 8 List three carcass characterisics that influence lamb quality | back 8 Maturity lean quality muscularity |
front 9 approximately what percentage of live weight results in carcass weight | back 9 just over 50% |
front 10 What is the prupose of quality grading lamb carcasses and what are the primary factors used to determine lamb quality grades | back 10 Quality graxing is an indicatio of expected eating satisfaction and done to enusre consistency of overall eating quality Primary factors include lean quality and carcass conformation traits as well as maturity |
front 11 What are the 4 primary grades for lamb carcass | back 11 Primary, choice, good, utility |
front 12 What branch of the USDA oversees inspection and labeling | back 12 Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) it is a federal inspection |
front 13 What does yield grading indicate about lamb carcass | back 13 cutability fat thickness lean meat yield superior carcass merit |
front 14 What is meant by retail meat yeild How is it estimated and why is it significant in lamb production and marketing | back 14 Retail meat yeild: combination of dressing percentage and premium american lamb cuts that can be sold estimated by wool vs short lambs, trimness, muscularity, fram significant because it estimates the amount of salable cuts |
front 15 why are sanitary dressing methods important during lamb processing List two procedures during processing that help achieve this goal | back 15 Sanitary methods are important to prevent meat contamination Procedures during processing that help achieve this goal: dirty wool is pulled down away from the meat; rectum removal in a sanitary manner, sprayed with acetic acid before chill |
front 16 what are two key benefits to implementing a sheep safety and quality assure program | back 16 responsibility to procide safe food products ensure teh well being of sheep and alleviate animal wefare concerns |
front 17 Name three quality criteria or SOPs that help ensure compliance with the SSQA program | back 17 administer/inject all products according to label directions Intramuscular injections must be administered in the neck prevent wool contaminiation with foreign material |
front 18 According to the national lamb quality audi, what is the most prominent factor definiing lamb quality | back 18 Eating satisfaction (lamb flavor/taste, tenderness) |
front 19 What are two factors that influence lamb flavor | back 19 composition of fat, age |
front 20 What are two characteristics of the american lamb consumer | back 20 men are most likely to eat lamb consumption linked to special occasions |
front 21 What are a few top quality trait that drive lamb purchasing decisions in the retail sector | back 21 sheep raising practices eating satisfaction weight/size appearence |
front 22 Approximately what percentage of lamb carcasses recieve a quality grade of prime | back 22 7.6% |
front 23 what method is used in research studies to measure lamb quality tenderness | back 23 Warner-Bratzler Shear Force |
front 24 Name one challenge the lamb industry continues to face | back 24 Seasonality of lamb consumption |
front 25 What primal/subprimal cut on a lamb carcass has the most balue | back 25 rack |
front 26 What is the primary question to ask when selecting a breed for commercial production | back 26 What is your end goal Why do you want to raise these animals |
front 27 List three management considerations when selecting a sheep breed | back 27 production goal temperment reprodcutive traits |
front 28 What are the tree primary purpose of sheep breeds | back 28 Meat Fiber Dairy |
front 29 What is a popular ram or terminal sire breed in the US and why | back 29 Sullfolk and Hampshire Used for fast growth rate, muscling ability, and carcass weight |
front 30 What dual prupsoe breed is known for reducing the need for crossbreeding | back 30 Columbia |
front 31 What is the significance of the ramboillet breed in breeding programs and what are the most significant traits | back 31 Founder of most western range breeds large size, flocking ability, highly adaptable to ewe breed, good mothering and milking ability |
front 32 What is spider syndrome | back 32 causes leg deformities |
front 33 What is ectodermal dysplasia | back 33 affects the ectodermal layer of embryological development |
front 34 What is the heritability of each main category | back 34 carcass: percent yield (40%) fleece: staple length: (55%) growth: 240d weight (40%) reproduction: scrotal circumference (35%) |
front 35 What is grazing management | back 35 how and when you control grazing habits of the animals on your pasture |
front 36 what are the controlled grazing patterns | back 36 simple rotational intensive rotational |
front 37 List in order (by approximate percent of diet) the plant diet preference for sheep | back 37 grass: 60% weeds: 30% browse: 10% |
front 38 how many hours does a sheep spend grazing per day | back 38 6-12 hours |
front 39 what is the daily dry matter intake for a growing lamb | back 39 3-4% of BW |
front 40 Name three basic grazing principles | back 40 adjust rest period because pasture growth rate changes use short grazing periods use highest stocking density, or largest herd sizw |
front 41 Name the three variables needed to calcualte stocking rate | back 41 average size of animals total forage production size of pasture |
front 42 what are grazing strategies that help control parasites | back 42 only graze 3-4 days at a time leave at least 4" of length allow 4-8 week growth period |
front 43 What are common sheep marketing channels | back 43 selling directly to consumer livestock auction sale from farm |
front 44 Ways lamb is marketed to nontraditional consumer groups | back 44 market to ethnic groups farmers markets |
front 45 True/false. Total sheep and lamb population/inventory has increased from around 5 million head in 2000 to over 8 million head in 2024. | back 45 false |
front 46 What are the top 5 states that produce lamb | back 46 colorado california texas wyoming utah |
front 47 True/false. From a profitability perspective, average returns were negative for lamb feeders in 2023. | back 47 True |
front 48 what is the expectation for lamb production and lamb prices in 2025 | back 48 decrease in production and prices |
front 49 What are the four Ps in a sheep production marketing plan | back 49 production place price promotion |
front 50 List two pros and cons for seeling sheep through an auction market | back 50 pros: convient, no buyer negotiation cons: comission fee, lower prices due to lack of buyers |
front 51 What are important considerations when selling lamb directly to the consumer | back 51 requires time and skills for marketing, advertising, and meeting with customer |
front 52 What factors affect nutritional requirements | back 52 age, production stage, sex, BW |
front 53 What production stage is the highest nutrional requirements | back 53 Early lactation |
front 54 What are the most important times to check eww body condition score | back 54 late gestation at weaning before breeding |
front 55 how much weight would a 160lbs mature ewe have to gain/lose to increase/decrease one body condition score | back 55 13% of BW 21 lbs |
front 56 True or False: roughage is considered a high energy feedstuff | back 56 false |
front 57 what are the most important minerals when feeding sheep | back 57 calcium phosphorus copper |
front 58 true or false: fill is the limiting factor when balancing a ration to meet ewe's nutrient requirements | back 58 true |
front 59 management xonsiderations that can be implemented to help ensure nutrient requirements are being met | back 59 separate ewes at different production stages or body condition score adjust feed to the average body weight of each group provide adequate space and limit competition |
front 60 characteristics of an ewe that make them a good candidate for flushing | back 60 thin (BCS less than 2.5), mature in age |
front 61 True or false: protein is most likely the nutreint that is deficient in late gestation | back 61 False |
front 62 Reasons why creep feeding may have value on a sheep operation | back 62 flocks with a bunch of multiple births or mulk production is limited intensive systems that wean early help develop the rumen |
front 63 management practices to ensure low stress handling for the lamb during weaning | back 63 leave lamb in familiar surrounding and with the same group keep lambs on the same diet |
front 64 what is reproductive efficiency | back 64 percentage of offspring crop raised and marketed |
front 65 what is the mature ram:ewe ration | back 65 1:35 to 1:50 |
front 66 What are components of a a breeding soundness exam | back 66 physical: eyes, feet and legs, mouth semen: motility and morphology |
front 67 what are causes of infertility | back 67 epididymitis and pizzle rot cull or treat |
front 68 how long is the estrous cycle | back 68 16-27 days |
front 69 what are long season breeds | back 69 romanov, rambouillet, dorset |
front 70 what are short season breeds | back 70 texel and shetland |
front 71 what are two cautions to consider when using hormones to control breeding | back 71 adds cost make sure enough rams available to breed when they are ovulating does not increase fertility, only synchs ovulation |
front 72 what are visual signs of estrus | back 72 seek out a ram and stand to be mounted increased vocalization raised tail swollen vulva |