front 1 A pediatrician reviewing global health data defines malnutrition as
which process? | back 1 B. Deficient nutrient supply impairing health |
front 2 An adult with chronic illness has a BMI of 18.2. Which threshold
defines being underweight and at risk for malnutrition? | back 2 D. BMI below 18.5 |
front 3 A toddler’s weight-for-age and BMI-for-age fall below which
percentile, prompting closer evaluation for malnutrition? | back 3 A. 5th percentile |
front 4 Marasmus most directly reflects failure to meet which dietary
requirement? | back 4 D. Calories and protein |
front 5 Which finding best supports marasmus rather than kwashiorkor? | back 5 C. Marked wasting with fat loss |
front 6 Kwashiorkor is best described as which nutritional deficit? | back 6 A. Predominant protein deficiency |
front 7 A child has edema, irritability, dermatitis, hypopigmented
hair, and low albumin. What is the most likely
diagnosis? | back 7 B. Kwashiorkor |
front 8 Both marasmus and kwashiorkor commonly lead to which
consequence? | back 8 D. Functional decline with weakness |
front 9 Which group is particularly prone to malnutrition? | back 9 A. Children, older adults, hospitalized patients |
front 10 In developing countries, malnutrition is associated with
approximately what share of deaths among children under 5? | back 10 C. 50% |
front 11 In 2011, roughly how many under-5 children in developing countries
were underweight? | back 11 B. 99 million |
front 12 Underweight prevalence in children under 5 in developing countries
changed from which 1990 value to which 2011 value? | back 12 D. 28% to 17% |
front 13 Worldwide, vitamin and mineral deficiencies affect
approximately: | back 13 A. One in three |
front 14 Malnutrition affects what proportion of preschool children? | back 14 C. One in four |
front 15 In developing countries, approximately what proportion of infants are
born at low birth weight? | back 15 B. One in six |
front 16 Malnutrition has been reported in up to what proportion of nursing
home residents? | back 16 D. 50% |
front 17 Which patient profile carries the greatest malnutrition risk? | back 17 A. Chronic disease, polypharmacy, poverty |
front 18 Food insecurity is best defined as: | back 18 C. Financially limited access to food |
front 19 Hungry households are best characterized by: | back 19 D. Regular hunger with adult restriction |
front 20 In 2011, about what percentage of American households experienced
food insecurity? | back 20 B. 15% |
front 21 Which household best fits a high-risk pattern for food
insecurity? | back 21 C. Minority single parent |
front 22 Many eligible low-income working families do not use federal
assistance primarily because of: | back 22 A. Shift from welfare to work |
front 23 Obesity-related conditions account for more than what share of
preventable deaths yearly? | back 23 D. 50% |
front 24 A malnourished child first shows falling weight-for-age, later
stunted height, and eventually plateaued head growth. Which
progression is most accurate? | back 24 B. Weight → height → head size |
front 25 In an older adult, which added feature further increases malnutrition
risk? | back 25 A. Homebound, poor support, depression |
front 26 Which household pattern is also associated with especially high food
insecurity rates? | back 26 C. Minority family near poverty line |
front 27 Which social or behavioral factor also raises malnutrition
risk? | back 27 B. Alcohol misuse, poor nutrition knowledge |
front 28 A cohort study compares BMI categories with normal-weight adults.
Which group is not associated with excess mortality? | back 28 A. Overweight and Class I obesity |
front 29 Severe obesity is associated with significantly increased mortality
relative to normal BMI. In that comparison, which group has the larger
relative increase? | back 29 C. Males |
front 30 Which is considered a biological factor contributing to
obesity? | back 30 B. Resting energy expenditure |
front 31 Which pair best represents environmental contributors to
obesity? | back 31 A. High intake, low activity |
front 32 The FTO gene may account for up to what proportion of obesity
cases? | back 32 D. 22 percent |
front 33 The FTO gene shows a strong association with which condition? | back 33 B. Diabetes |
front 34 A child has one overweight parent. What is the approximate chance of
becoming overweight in adulthood? | back 34 B. 40 percent |
front 35 If both parents are overweight, that child’s approximate adult
overweight risk becomes: | back 35 A. 80 percent |
front 36 During infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy, adipose tissue normally
increases primarily in: | back 36 C. Number |
front 37 With modest weight gain, adipocytes typically increase in: | back 37 B. Size only |
front 38 With significant weight gain, adipocytes generally increase
in: | back 38 A. Size and number |
front 39 After weight loss, adipocytes typically decrease in: | back 39 B. Size, not number |
front 40 Rising calorie consumption in many populations is partly attributed
to: | back 40 D. Larger portions and dining out |
front 41 Which populations are less likely to meet physical activity
guidelines? | back 41 B. Women and minorities |
front 42 In overweight or obese patients who have already lost weight, the
single best predictor of long-term weight control is: | back 42 B. Regular physical activity |
front 43 In 2009–2010, what proportion of U.S. adults were obese? | back 43 C. More than one third |
front 44 Over the past decade in the United States, obesity prevalence
increased significantly among: | back 44 B. Men and boys |
front 45 For children and adolescents, overweight is defined as BMI above
which percentile? | back 45 D. 85th percentile |
front 46 For children and adolescents, obesity is defined as BMI: | back 46 C. Greater than 95th percentile |
front 47 A patient with obesity loses 10% of body weight. Which improvement is
expected? | back 47 A. Lower pressure, glucose, lipids |
front 48 Which additional outcome may also improve after 10% weight
loss? | back 48 B. Reduced cancer risk |
front 49 Intensive treatment is particularly important for an obese patient
with three or more accompanying risk factors. Which option lists
qualifying risk factors? | back 49 A. Smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia |
front 50 Which additional factor also counts among those obesity-related
treatment risk factors? | back 50 B. Family history of diabetes |
front 51 A clinician asks a patient to list everything consumed during the
previous day. Which dietary tool is being used? | back 51 D. Twenty-four-hour recall |
front 52 Which dietary assessment method is retrospective and asks about
normal intake patterns, including amounts eaten?
| back 52 C. Usual intake history |
front 53 Which dietary assessment method is best for identifying
trends in usual consumption of specific foods?
| back 53 A. Food frequency questionnaire |
front 54 Which dietary assessment tool is completed
prospectively? | back 54 B. Food record |
front 55 On exam, which site should be checked closely for muscle
wasting? | back 55 C. Temporalis muscle |
front 56 Which hand muscle region is specifically examined for wasting in
nutritional assessment? | back 56 B. Thenar eminence |
front 57 Serum albumin has which approximate half-life? | back 57 D. 18–20 days |
front 58 Serum transferrin has which approximate half-life? | back 58 A. 8–9 days |
front 59 Serum prealbumin has which approximate half-life? | back 59 D. 2–3 days |
front 60 Evidence of a nutrition disorder should be labeled primary when it
occurs in a patient with: | back 60 B. No other etiology |
front 61 A child with cystic fibrosis develops weight loss from
pancreatic insufficiency and fat malabsorption.
This is best classified as: | back 61 C. Secondary nutrition problem |
front 62 Resting energy expenditure is best defined as the energy required
to: | back 62 A. Maintain vital function at rest |
front 63
Basal metabolic rate is the minimum calorie
requirement measured under which condition? | back 63 A. Fasting, controlled environment |
front 64 Clinically, REE is mainly used to estimate: | back 64 B. Basal metabolic rate |
front 65 Approximately what fraction of daily energy expenditure is due to
REE? | back 65 D. 65% |
front 66 Total energy expenditure is best estimated by: | back 66 B. REE times activity factor |
front 67 Average protein requirement for a healthy adult is closest to: | back 67 B. 0.8–1.0 g/kg |
front 68 Malnutrition is best defined as a nutrient supply that is: | back 68 C. Suboptimal and health-impairing |
front 69 Genetics accounts for no more than what proportion of body-weight
variance? | back 69 D. One third |
front 70 A hospitalist teaching interns about nutrition says nearly
all hospitalized patients are what, to some degree?
| back 70 C. Malnourished |
front 71 The major biochemical consequence of excessive alcohol consumption
is: | back 71 B. Metabolic acidosis |
front 72 Alcohol-induced metabolic acidosis occurs largely because alcohol
interferes with: | back 72 B. Acetyl-CoA oxidation in TCA |
front 73 In the Western world, the most common cause of malnutrition is: | back 73 A. Chronic alcoholism |
front 74 Alcohol provides how many kilocalories per gram? | back 74 7 |
front 75 High alcohol concentrations can directly disrupt which
mucosal surfaces? | back 75 C. Gastric and duodenal |
front 76 Which vitamin is routinely supplemented in patients with
alcoholism? | back 76 D. Thiamin |
front 77 Thiamin is especially important in: | back 77 B. Carbohydrate metabolism |
front 78 Which symptom cluster best suggests thiamin deficiency? | back 78 C. Anorexia, fatigue, irritability |
front 79 Chronic alcohol use is also associated with deficiency of: | back 79 C. Folate |
front 80 Folate is required for normal biosynthesis of: | back 80 A. Purines and pyrimidines |
front 81 A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency is mistakenly treated only with
folate. Which abnormality is least likely to improve? | back 81 A. Neurologic dysfunction |
front 82 In chronic liver disease, hepatic production of which protein
is usually preserved until end-stage disease?
| back 82 B. Albumin |
front 83 Which abnormality can respond to either folate or vitamin B12
replacement? | back 83 C. Hematologic changes |
front 84 A clinician asks a diabetic patient to list everything consumed
yesterday. Which dietary tool is being used? | back 84 D. Twenty-four-hour recall |
front 85 Which dietary assessment is best suited to evaluating long-term
eating habits? | back 85 B. Usual intake history |
front 86 A patient is asked to document meals as they are eaten over three
days. This method is: | back 86 C. Prospective |
front 87 In a three-day food record, patients are specifically asked to: | back 87 D. Record their food intake |
front 88 Excess abdominal fat is most directly assessed by measuring: | back 88 C. Waist circumference |
front 89 Waist circumference should be measured at the level of the: | back 89 D. Right iliac crest border |
front 90 Waist circumference is an independent predictor of morbidity
particularly when which variable is not markedly increased? | back 90 A. BMI |
front 91 Measuring waist circumference is especially recommended when BMI is
less than: | back 91 C. 35 |
front 92 Increased waist circumference independently predicts all of the
following except: | back 92 D. Hypothyroidism |
front 93 Compared with BMR, REE is approximately: | back 93 A. 10% lower |
front 94 Daily protein needs for an unstressed, well-nourished adult are
closest to: | back 94 A. 0.8-1.0 g/kg |
front 95 A postoperative patient generally requires which protein intake
range? | back 95 C. 1.5-2.0 g/kg |
front 96 A burn patient with severe infection will often need protein
intake: | back 96 B. Over 2 g/kg |
front 97 Which is a major cause of malnutrition? | back 97 A. Reduced oral intake |
front 98 Malabsorption-related stool losses best fit which cause of
malnutrition? | back 98 B. Increased nutrition loss |
front 99 Hypermetabolic illness causing increased calorie needs is best
categorized as: | back 99 A. Increased requirements |
front 100 Which is considered part of obesity etiology? | back 100 A. Adipose cell size |
front 101 Which factor is a major driver of overweight and obesity? | back 101 A. Excess caloric intake |
front 102 Which lifestyle pattern promotes obesity development? | back 102 B. Decreased physical activity |
front 103 How many kilocalories does 1 gram of protein provide? | back 103 4 |
front 104 How many kilocalories does 1 gram of carbohydrate provide? | back 104 4 |
front 105 How many kilocalories does 1 gram of fat provide? | back 105 9 |
front 106 In the United States, obesity most disproportionately affects: | back 106 B. Black women |
front 107 A patient loses 10% of body weight. Which change is expected? | back 107 B. Lower blood pressure |
front 108 Diet history is most commonly obtained as part of the
patient’s: | back 108 C. Social history |
front 109 Which dietary tool is especially recommended for older adults? | back 109 B. Usual intake history |
front 110 In the United States, obesity is most prevalent in the: | back 110 D. South |