front 1 Federalist 70 | back 1 An essay by Alexander Hamilton arguing for a strong, energetic executive led by a single president. |
front 2 22nd Amendment | back 2 Limits the president to two terms in office. |
front 3 Formal Powers | back 3 Powers expressly granted in the Constitution. |
front 4 Informal Powers | back 4 Powers not laid out in the constitution but used to carry out presidential duties. |
front 5 Chief Executive | back 5 The president's role in carrying out laws and managing the executive branch. |
front 6 Article II | back 6 The section of the constitution that established the powers and responsibilities of the president and executive branch. |
front 7 Cabinet | back 7 The president's top advisors who lead executive departments and help shape policy. |
front 8 Chief Dipomat | back 8 The president's role in managing foreign policy and representing the U.S. to other countries. |
front 9 Treaty | back 9 An agreement with a foreign government negotiated by the president and requiring a two-thirds vote in the Senate to radify. |
front 10 Chief Legislator | back 10 The president's role in influencing lawmaking and shaping the legislative agenda. |
front 11 State of the Union Address | back 11 The annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs. |
front 12 Veto | back 12 A formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of Congress. |
front 13 Pocket Veto | back 13 An informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when Congress has adjourned at the end of a season. |
front 14 Commander-in-Chief | back 14 The president's role as head of the armed forces, directing military operations. |
front 15 Presidential Pardon | back 15 Presidential authority to release individuals convicted of a crime from legal consequences and set aside punishment for a crime. |
front 16 Executive Privilege | back 16 A right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside Scrutiny, especially that of Congress. |
front 17 Executive Agreement | back 17 An agreement between a president and another nation without Senate approval. |
front 18 Signing Statement | back 18 A written statement issued by the president when signing a bill into law that explains how they interpret and intend to enforce it. |
front 19 Executive Order | back 19 Policy directives issued by presidents that do not require Congressional approval. |
front 20 War Powers Resolution | back 20 A law passed over President Nixon's veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than sixty days without Congressional authorization. |
front 21 Impeachment | back 21 The process of removing a president from office. |
front 22 U.S. v. Nixon | back 22 Case that limited the president's executive privilege, requiring Nixon to turn over white house tapes. |
front 23 25th Amendment | back 23 Establishes clear procedures for presidential succession and disability |
front 24 Executive Office of the President | back 24 A collection of offices within the white house organization designed by mainly to provide information to the president. |
front 25 National Security Council | back 25 A group of advisors who help the president coordinate military and foreign policy decision. |
front 26 White House Office | back 26 The president's personal staff who manage daily operations and advise on policy and political matters. |
front 27 White House Press Secretary | back 27 The official who communicates the president's messages and answers questions from the media. |
front 28 Bargaining and Persuasion | back 28 An informal tool used by the president to persuade members of Congress to support his or her policy initiatives. |
front 29 Bully Pulpit | back 29 Presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies. |
front 30 Going Public | back 30 When the president appeals directly to the people to gain support for policies and pressure Congress. |
front 31 Honeymoon Period | back 31 The early part of a president's term when public approval is high and passing new policies is easier. |
front 32 Hamdi v. Rumsfield | back 32 Case that confirmed U.S. citizens held as enemy combatants have the right to challenge their detention in court. |