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IB Exam #2 P.T 2

front 1

who absorbs the costs of subsidies?

back 1

consumers

front 2

A direct restriction on the quantity of some good that may be imported into a country

back 2

import quota

front 3

A hybrid of a quota and a tariff where a lower tariff is applied to imports within the quota than to those over the quota

back 3

tariff rate quota

front 4

Quota on trade imposed by the exporting country, typically at the request of the importing country's government

back 4

Voluntary export restraint (VER)

front 5

Give and example of a VER

back 5

Japan agreed to a restriction of 2000 vehiclees per year in the US and when it was released, the US consumers realized their need for hondas and sales boosted drastically

front 6

a tax placed on the export of a good

back 6

export tariff

front 7

a policy that partially or entirely restricts the export of a good

back 7

export ban (Ban of exports of US crude oil to ensure a sufficient supply of domestic oil at home)

front 8

demands that some specific fraction of a good be produced domestically

back 8

local content requirement

front 9

bureaucratic rules that are designed to make it difficult for imports to enter a country

back 9

administrative trade policies

front 10

__________ polices hurt consumers by denying access to possibly superior foreign products

back 10

administrative trade

front 11

selling goods in a foreign market below their cost of production, or selling goods in a foreign market at below their "fair" market value

back 11

dumping

front 12

example of dumping

back 12

China subsidizes auto parts industry and dumps steel

front 13

U.S. firms that believe a foreign firm is dumping can file a complaint with the?

back 13

WTO

front 14

WTO succeeded

back 14

GATT

front 15

Reciprocal trade agreements between two or more partners. Agreements are designed to capture gain from trade beyond those agreements currently attainable under WTO treaties

back 15

Multilateral and bilateral trade agreements

front 16

trade barriers impact _______ _________. They raise the costs of ?

back 16

firm strategy; exporting

front 17

What are the 5 levels of integration?

back 17

1. free trade - no barriers (tariffs, quotas)
2. customs union - all the above plus common external trade policies
3. common market - all the above plus free movement of factors of production
4. economic union - plus common currency, harmonized tax rates (EU)
5. Political union - plus central political, economic, social, and formal policy (US)

front 18

the amount of FDI undertaken over a given time period

the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time

the flows of FDI out of a country

the flows of FDI into a country

back 18

1. flow of FDI
2. flow of stock
3. the flows of FDI out
4. the flows of FDI into a country

front 19

is the world's largest foreign investor and the largest recipient of foreign investment

back 19

America

front 20

once a company owns 10% of a foreign entity, they have?

back 20

FDI

front 21

Flow and stock of FDI in the world economy have ___________ over the last 25 years FDI flow has grown more rapidly than world _______ and world _________

back 21

increased; trade; output

front 22

Historically FDI has been directed at ___________ nations and now it is directed at ____________ nations

back 22

developed; developing

front 23

a way to bypass gov't intervention

back 23

FDI

front 24

FDI will be favored over exporting when

back 24

Transportation costs and trade barriers are high

front 25

FDI will be favored over licensing when:

back 25

1. The firm wants control over its technological know-how and operations and business strategy
3. The firm's capabilities are not amenable to licensing

front 26

Benefits to host country

back 26

1. resource effects - supplying capital, technology and management resources that would otherwise not be available
2. employment effects - creates jobs
3. balance of pmt effects - can achieve account surplus
4 competition and economic growth

front 27

Costs of host country

back 27

adverse effects on competition within the host nation, adverse effects on the balance of payments, and the perceived loss of national sovereignty and autonomy

front 28

Home Country benefits

back 28

1. res. transf effects - gains valuable skills
2. employment effects - gives jobs at headquarters
3. balance of pmt effects

front 29

Home Country Costs

back 29

the adverse balance-of-payments and adverse employment effects of outward FDI.

front 30

Free flow of goods and services improves all nations
Free flow of labor, capital allows for goods to be produced more cheaply in one country, but eventually creating higher labor and efficiencies and raising the standard of living

back 30

regional integration

front 31

pros of integration (economic)

back 31

1. postive sum game
2. stimulates economic growth
3. trade creation

front 32

high-cost local producers with low-cost free-trade regional producers

back 32

trade creation

front 33

low-cost external trade partners replaced with high-cost, free-trade regional producers`

back 33

trade diversion

front 34

cons of integration (economic)

back 34

trade diversion and loss of monetary policy

front 35

political factor pros of integration

back 35

Greater cooperation between neighbors reduces the possibility of war/conflicts
Unified voice

front 36

political factor cons of integration

back 36

National sovereignty is lost.

front 37

what is the most complete example of regional economic integration?

back 37

The EU

front 38

The EU began as a?

back 38

coal and steel community after attempting ot rebuild after WWII

front 39

The EU began as a ________, which formed in ___________ through the _________ and changed its name to _______

back 39

European Community; 1957; Treaty of Rome; EU

front 40

what established a single market for the EU

back 40

Single European Act

front 41

What Established a common currency - the euro in 1990?

back 41

Maastricht treaty

front 42

was the last country to join the EU in 2013.

back 42

Croatia

front 43

What are the 4 components of the EU structure?

back 43

1. European Commission
2. European Council
3. European Parliament
4. Court of Justice

front 44

Proposing legislation and implementing, monitoring compliance of EU legislation. How many members?

back 44

european comission; 27 commisioners

front 45

Passes legislation from the commission into law
Debate issues in agriculture, taxes,e tc

back 45

European council

front 46

Debate and propose amendments to Council passed law. Where is it located? How many members?

back 46

European parliament; Strasbourg France; 732

front 47

Supreme appeals court for EU law. There is one judge from each?

back 47

Court of Justice; member state

front 48

all the countries who have already switched to the Euro

back 48

Euro Zone (19 countries)

front 49

What is the first and second largest currencies in the world?

back 49

1. the dollar
2. the euro

front 50

Over the last two decades, the dollar to Euro exchange rate has experienced a lot of volatility which indicates various political, economic, and legal facotrs. Peak for the euro was in 2008. This means it is _________ ___________ for Americans in the EU because the Euro is stronger

back 50

more expensive

front 51

Benefits of Euro

back 51

- Saved tons of money in Bank Exchange Fees (45 billion)
-Arbitrage Opportunities or Cross Border Bargains
-Capital Liquidity
-Diversification of Investment Portfolios

front 52

Costs of Euro

back 52

1. Loss of Monetary Policy (not Denmark, Sweden)•
2. ECB - European Central Bank (like Fed Reserve)
3. Differing EU member growth rates, lower average pay, interest rates

front 53

Britain exited EU because?

back 53

not comfortable with loss of national sovereignty

front 54

The vote for Britain leaving was a very __________ vote

back 54

close

front 55

Greece has been struggling to be productive. _______ keeps bailing them out

back 55

IMF

front 56

phasing out and replaced with USMCA - regional integration between Mexico, Canada, and USA.

back 56

NAFTA

front 57

consequences of NAFTA

back 57

Jobs were lost since labor is cheaper in Mexico forcing them to migrate to US

front 58

Which countries make up CAFTA?

back 58

Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Dominican Republic AND the USA

front 59

Which countries make up Mercosur? They cannot trade with countries _____________

back 59

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela; outside of Mercsour