front 1 Food security | back 1 When people always have access to enough safe and nutritious food to live a healthy life (definition from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). |
front 2 Food insecurity in Iran | back 2 Not a lack of food production, but a lack of access and affordability. |
front 3 Population of Iran | back 3 About 89 million people (World Bank 2023). |
front 4 Urban population in Iran | back 4 About 76% live in cities. |
front 5 Rural population in Iran | back 5 About 24% live in rural areas. |
front 6 Main crops in Iran | back 6 Wheat, rice, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. |
front 7 Main cause of child malnutrition in Iran | back 7 Economic hardship and rising food prices. |
front 8 Inflation | back 8 Rising prices that reduce families’ purchasing power. |
front 9 Malnutrition | back 9 Lack of proper nutrients needed for healthy growth and development. |
front 10 Micronutrient deficiencies | back 10 Lack of important vitamins and minerals like iron and vitamin D. |
front 11 Common deficiencies in Iranian children | back 11 Iron, vitamin D, and protein. |
front 12 Stunting | back 12 When a child does not grow properly due to long-term malnutrition. |
front 13 Effects of child malnutrition | back 13 Poor growth, weaker immune system, learning problems, and long-term health issues. |
front 14 Role of stress in malnutrition | back 14 Chronic stress increases cortisol, which can reduce appetite and affect digestion. |
front 15 Most vulnerable groups in Iran | back 15 Low-income families, rural communities, and refugees (according to United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization). |
front 16 Urban challenge | back 16 Higher food prices and living costs. |
front 17 Rural challenge | back 17 Limited healthcare and nutrition education access. |
front 18 Government food subsidies | back 18 Programs that make staple foods like bread and rice cheaper. |
front 19 Problem with subsidies | back 19 They increase calories but do not improve nutrient diversity. |
front 20 School meal programs | back 20 Programs that provide children with nutritious meals at school. |
front 21 Benefits of school meal programs | back 21 Improved attendance, better concentration, reduced anemia, and better growth. |
front 22 Country example of successful school nutrition | back 22 Pakistan. |
front 23 Why international programs sometimes fail | back 23 Overreliance on outside funding and lack of coordination. |
front 24 Your main solution | back 24 Expand integrated school and community-based nutrition programs nationwide in Iran. |
front 25 Why your solution is sustainable | back 25 It uses existing schools and healthcare systems. |
front 26 Expected impact of your solution | back 26 Reduced stunting and anemia, improved academic performance, better long-term health. |
front 27 Main thesis of paper | back 27 Child malnutrition in Iran is caused by economic hardship and stress, and expanding school-based nutrition programs is the most effective long-term solution. |
front 28 Government allocations | back 28 Money set aside by a country’s government in its national budget to pay for specific programs or services, like school meal programs or healthcare. |
front 29 Partnerships with NGOs | back 29 Cooperation between the government and non-governmental organizations (nonprofit groups) to plan, fund, and run programs that help communities. |
front 30 NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) | back 30 Independent nonprofit organizations that work to solve social, health, or humanitarian problems without being controlled by the government. |
front 31 Why isn’t food production the main issue? | back 31 Iran produces food, but inflation and reduced purchasing power limit access to nutritious options. |
front 32 How does stress connect to nutrition? | back 32 Chronic stress affects appetite and nutrient absorption, which worsens malnutrition even when food is available. |
front 33 Typical Iranian family? | back 33 A household of about four to five members, usually two parents and two or three children. |
front 34 Iranian family daily routine? | back 34 Parents often work long hours, especially during economic hardship, which can limit time for meal preparation. |
front 35 Common meals? | back 35 Bread, rice, legumes (like beans and lentils), vegetables, dairy products, and occasionally meat. |
front 36 Food challenges | back 36 Due to inflation and rising food prices, families may reduce protein, fruits, and vegetables and rely on cheaper, processed foods. |
front 37 Access to services | back 37 Most families have electricity and clean water, but low-income families may struggle to afford healthcare and nutrition services. |