front 1 In the uterine tube, capacitated sperm follow chemical signals
released by the oocyte and follicular cells. These signals are
called: | back 1 C (Attractants) |
front 2 A patient’s sperm reach the oocyte but can’t disperse the corona
radiata. Which pair best matches the two acrosomal factors named for
dispersing those follicular cells? | back 2 A (Hyaluronidase, tubal mucosal enzymes) |
front 3 A sperm can reach the zona pellucida but can’t lyse it. Which
acrosomal enzyme is listed as the most important for zona pellucida
lysis? | back 3 D (Acrosin) |
front 4 Besides acrosin, which enzyme is also listed as part of the trio that
lyses the zona pellucida? | back 4 B (Esterase) |
front 5 Besides acrosin and esterase, which additional enzyme is listed as
contributing to zona pellucida lysis? | back 5 A (Neuraminidase) |
front 6 After one sperm successfully passes through the zona pellucida, what
change prevents entry of other sperm? | back 6 D (Zona reaction) |
front 7 The notes describe the zona reaction as oocyte lysosomal enzymes
being released into which space? | back 7 C (Perivitelline space) |
front 8 The perivitelline space is the fluid-filled gap between the: | back 8 A (Oolemma and zona pellucida) |
front 9 During sperm entry, which structure is stated to remain behind while
the head and tail enter the oocyte cytoplasm? | back 9 B (Sperm plasma membrane) |
front 10 A secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division into a
mature oocyte immediately after: | back 10 D (Penetration of the sperm) |
front 11 During fertilization, the nucleus present in either the sperm or egg
cell is called a: | back 11 A (Pronucleus) |
front 12 A haploid cell formed by meiotic division of a secondary oocyte is
termed: | back 12 C (Ootid) |
front 13 The ootid becomes a zygote at the moment: | back 13 B (Pronuclei fuse diploid) |
front 14 Crossing over is emphasized because it: | back 14 D. Shuffles maternal/paternal genes |
front 15 The value 1.05/1.00 in the notes represents: | back 15 C (Males per female) |
front 16 A fertility clinic stores early embryos long-term. The method named
in the notes is: | back 16 A. Cryopreservation |
front 17 The surrogate-mother process in the notes is associated with a higher
risk of: | back 17 B. Birth defects |
front 18 The repeated division of a zygote into blastomeres is called: | back 18 C. Cleavage |
front 19 Approximately how long after fertilization do zygotes divide into
blastomeres (per the notes)? | back 19 D. 30 hours |
front 20 After early divisions, blastomeres tightly align into a compact ball.
This process is: | back 20 A. Compaction |
front 21 Which signaling pathway is listed as essential for segregating
embryoblast from trophoblast? | back 21 B. Hippo signaling |
front 22 A solid, mulberry-shaped ball of 12–32 blastomeres formed 3–4 days
after fertilization is a: | back 22 D. Morula |
front 23 What is the stated cell-number range for a morula in these
notes? | back 23 A. 12–32 |
front 24 In the notes, the morula develops about how long after
fertilization? | back 24 C. 3 days |
front 25 A nondisjunction during an early cleavage division yields some normal
and some abnormal chromosome counts. This is: | back 25 B. Mosaicism |
front 26 The blastocyst cavity (blastocoele) forms when trophoblast
cells: | back 26 D (Pump fluid inward) |
front 27 The notes state the fluid for the blastocystic cavity comes from
the: | back 27 A. Uterine cavity |
front 28 Trophoblasts ultimately give rise to the major part of the: | back 28 C. Placenta |
front 29 Early pregnancy factor is described as a: | back 29 C. Immunosuppressant serum protein |
front 30 During the first ~10 days of development (per the notes), pregnancy
testing relies on detecting: | back 30 B. Early pregnancy factor |
front 31 The term meaning “development of the blastocyst” is: | back 31 A. Blastogenesis |
front 32 The term meaning “embryo and its membranes” is: | back 32 D. Conceptus |
front 33 An early-stage embryo typically 5–7 days post-fertilization with
~100–300 cells is a: | back 33 C. Blastocyst |
front 34 Which blastocyst component contains pluripotent cells that give rise
to the entire fetal body? | back 34 B. Embryoblast |
front 35 Which outer layer supplies nourishment and later forms the major part
of the placenta? | back 35 A. Trophoblast |
front 36 Shedding of the zona pellucida is important because it permits the
blastocyst to: | back 36 C. Grow rapidly in size |
front 37 Before implantation, the blastocyst derives nourishment from
the: | back 37 D. Uterine gland |
front 38 The blastocyst attaches to the endometrial epithelium at
about: | back 38 A. 6 days |
front 39 The fluid-filled cavity within the early embryo is called
the: | back 39 D. Blastocoele |
front 40 Which trophoblast layer is described as highly invasive? | back 40 C. Syncytiotrophoblast |
front 41 Around ~7 days, the hypoblast appears on the surface of the
embryoblast facing the: | back 41 D. Blastocystic cavity |
front 42 Removing 1–2 cells from an embryo during IVF for genetic testing is
called: | back 42 A. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis |
front 43 The notes list the early spontaneous abortion rate as: | back 43 C. 45% |
front 44 The region next to the embryoblast where the invasive trophoblast
expands is the: | back 44 B. Embryonic pole |
front 45 The inner trophoblast layer formed at the embryonic pole is
the: | back 45 D. Cytotrophoblast |
front 46 The oocyte enzymes that drive the zona reaction are released into
the: | back 46 A. Perivitelline space |
front 47 The ootid forms when the secondary oocyte completes: | back 47 B. Meiosis II |
front 48 A mixed population of normal and abnormal blastomeres most directly
results from: | back 48 B. Early cleavage nondisjunction |
front 49
| back 49 D. Blastocoele |