front 1 Invasion of urinary tract by bacteria | back 1
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front 2 urinary tact is what type of infection? | back 2 hospital acquired infection |
front 3 what do you look for in older adults with confusing? | back 3 infection and ask for a urine specimen |
front 4 how much fluids should be given a day? | back 4 2-3 L a day unless contraindicated |
front 5 cysitis AKA- honeymoon cysitis | back 5 inflammation of the bladder wall (bacteria enter the urethra after intercourse) |
front 6 UTI risk factors | back 6 incomplete bladder emptying, previous UTI, aging changes and genital piercings |
front 7 ute common signs | back 7 urgency, frequency, burning, cloudy, foul-smelling urine-hematuria, pelvic pain |
front 8 pyleonephritis | back 8 kidney infection- higher risk for sepsis |
front 9 urethitis | back 9 inflammation due to an infection, irritant, trauma, or urethraa |
front 10 how can urethritis be caused? | back 10 by gonococcus and herpes. s/s- burning, itching, frequency in voiding. meatus may be swollen and red |
front 11 urosepsis caused by uti | back 11 common in older adults severe, potentially fatal form of sepsis caused by uti -signs tachycardia and blood pressure (hypotension) |
front 12 phenazopyridine (pyridium) | back 12 causes orange urine. (medication used to treat cystitis) |
front 13 do you need an order for the use of heating sources? | back 13 yes, never use heating sources without an order |
front 14 uti-nursing process teaching: | back 14
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front 15 urological obstructions | back 15 backward pressur damages kidney tissue and can lead to chronic kidney disease; distends kidney (hydronephrosis) fluid on the kidney |
front 16 urethral strictures | back 16 causes: injury, STD'S, tissue trauma from catheters or surgical instruments, cancer, enlarged prostate. occurs in men more than women FREQUENT UTI'S |
front 17 renal calculi (urolithiasis) or (nephrolithiosis) | back 17 hard small stones in urinary tract. strain the urine, send the stone in for a urinalysis |
front 18 ureterolithsis | back 18 ureter stones |
front 19 If the left ureter is blocked, what do you think is happening? | back 19 an obstruction of the stone causing nephrolithiosis |
front 20 etiology of renal calculi | back 20 hereditary, chronic dehydration, diet: high sodium, sugar, protein, obesity, repeated infections high levels of calcium, oxalate, or uric acid |
front 21 uric acid | back 21 causes include excess dietary intake of purine type foods (meats, gravies, red wine, sardines. |
front 22 ureterolithiasis | back 22 pain radiation to the genitalia |
front 23 what is going to happen with a blockage or obstruction of the left ureter, for example? | back 23 a ureteral stone causes urine backup, leading to hydroureter, hydronephrosis and potential renal damage if untreated |
front 24 calcium oxalate stones | back 24 if low-oxalated diet is prescribed money foods may be restricted, including beets, chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, nuts, peanuts, and sweet potatoes |
front 25 preventing kidney stones include | back 25 hydration, diet, exercise |
front 26 diagnostic tests for renal calculi | back 26 calcium, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine |
front 27 urinalysis for renal calculi | back 27 hematuria, crystals, urine PH |
front 28 what procedure do you need to get a consent form for? | back 28 IV pyelogram |
front 29 therapeutic interventions for renal calculi | back 29 hydration, analgesics, alpha-blocker (tamsulosin) *analgesis- relieves serve renal colic pain |
front 30 thiazide diuretics (HCTZ) | back 30 decrease urinary calcium excretion |
front 31 Lithotripsy | back 31 sends shock waves to the stone itself to help crush it |
front 32 what is a common post op side effect from lithotripsy ? | back 32 blood tinged urine (pink) for about 1 to 3 days and back pain ***remember*** BRIGHT RED BLOOD AND BLOOD CLOTS NEED TO BE REPORTED |
front 33 Discharge instructions for lithotripsy | back 33 increase fluid intake to get rid of the stones and filter your urine to get the stones tested in lab to define which type of kidney stone it is. |
front 34 Nephrostomy tube | back 34 inserted in an imaging lab, the tube will be inserted into the kidney. watch for signs of infection |
front 35 Hydroureter | back 35 abnormal dilation (stretching) of the ureter caused by urine backing up due to obstruction, most commonly kidney stones |
front 36 hydronephrosis | back 36 obstruction causes urine backup
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front 37 causes of hyrdonephrosis | back 37 block Foley catheter, BPH , tumors, kidney stones, scar tissue, birth defect pregnancies |
front 38 S/S of hyrdroneohrosis | back 38 frequency, urgency, pysuria, flank and back pain |
front 39 If hyrdonephrosis spreads to the muscle wall, its called what? | back 39 Invasive cancer
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front 40 Diagnostic tests for hyrdonephrosis | back 40 cystoscopy and transurethral biopsy, urine tumor markers, bladder tumor associated antigen(BTA) and carcinoembryanic antigen (CEA) |
front 41 Treatments for hyrdonephrosis | back 41 intravesical therapy (chemotherapy) medication instilled directly into the bladder. & immunotherapy(BCG) |
front 42 immunotherapy (BCG) (a therapy used for hyrdonephrosis) | back 42 live weekend bacteria used to stimulate the immune response. hold medication in bladder - 2 hours
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front 43 Photodynamic therapy | back 43 teach patient to avoid sunlight |
front 44 Orthotopic neobladder | back 44
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front 45 risk factors for kidney cancer | back 45 smoking, obesity, hypertension, long-term kidney dialysis, exposure to radiation, absestos, or industrial pollution. S/S- hematuria, dull pain in the flank area, and mass In the area |
front 46 renal biopsy | back 46 a procedure where a small tissue sample of the kidney with a needle guided by ultra sound or ct scan to evaluate kidney disease |
front 47 nursing care for renal biopsy | back 47 post procedure- monitor for bleeding (vitals and check urine), strict bed rest for 6-24 hours, patient positioning, hydration and activity restriction for discharge |
front 48 chemotherapy | back 48 NEVER the first choice for kidney cancers because they are chemotherapy resistant. |
front 49 Nursing care for chemotherapy | back 49 watching for pneumothorax signs- Shortness of breath- diminished breath sounds on affected side |
front 50 Uric acid stone stones | back 50 renal calculi can be a complication of gout, which is a disorder of purine metabolism. limit high- purine foods such as organ meats, anchovies, herring, sardines, alcohol beverages, and gravy. increasing fruits and vegetables may reduce uric acid stone formation. |